[Neonatal complications and birth defects in infants conceived by in vitro fertilization].

Objective: To investigate the survival quality of infants conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to identify the factors that cause birth defects and neonatal complications in IVF infants.

Methods: The study included 150 IVF infants (IVF group) and 200 naturally conceived infants (control group). Indicators such as birth situation, gestational disease, birth defects, and neonatal complications were compared between groups. The influencing factors for birth defects and neonatal complications were analyzed by non-conditional logistic regression analysis.

Results: Compared with the control group, the IVF group had increased incidences of twin pregnancy and low birth weight (P<0.01) but decreased average birth weight (P<0.05). In the IVF group, the mother's age was elder, with higher incidence of cesarean section, premature rupture of membranes, and pregnancy complications, as compared with the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of birth defects between the two groups (P>0.05). The IVF group had higher incidence rates of low birth weight and neonatal scleroderma (P<0.05), with a longer hospital stay (P<0.01), as compared with the control group. The non-conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that IVF, prematurity, twin pregnancy, and pregnancy complications were risk factors for low birth weight (P<0.05).

Conclusions: There is no significant difference in the incidence of birth defects between IVF and naturally conceived infants. However, IVF infants have higher incidences of twin pregnancy and low birth weight, with a longer hospital stay, as compared with naturally conceived infants. Natural conceiving, avoiding prematurity, twin pregnancy, and pregnancy complications will reduce the incidence of low birth weight.