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Decolonization and decontamination: what's their role in infection control? | LitMetric

Decolonization and decontamination: what's their role in infection control?

Curr Opin Infect Dis

Institute for Infection and Immunity, Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St. Georges University of London, London, UK.

Published: June 2015

AI Article Synopsis

Article Abstract

Purpose Of Review: Hospital-acquired infections cause up to 19% of infections in paediatric patients contributing to the spread of antimicrobial resistance. This review evaluates the effect of decolonization and decontamination in hospitalized children and neonates as an adjunct to standard infection control measures.

Recent Findings: Few studies on decolonization and decontamination are available in children. The evidence about the effectiveness of daily chlorhexidine washcloths on bacteraemia in paediatric patients relies on a single randomized controlled trial, in neonates with central venous access in a single retrospective observational study. It is uncertain whether nasal mupirocin reduces methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage and infections in neonates, whereas oral chlorhexidine mouthwashes have not proven effective in children in intensive care settings. Scanty evidence demonstrates a reduction in the rate of ventilation-acquired pneumonia with digestive tract decontamination in paediatric patients and no studies are available in neonates. These strategies have not been extensively tested in resource-poor countries.

Summary: Strong evidence about the efficacy of decolonization and decontamination interventions exists in adult medicine but not in paediatric patients. There is an urgent need to understand how these interventions could be adapted to neonates and resource-poor settings in which the prevalence of hospital-acquired infections is higher.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000000164DOI Listing

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