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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201511403 | DOI Listing |
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International expert consensus on micronutrient supplement use during the early life course.
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, Netherlands.
Background: Growing evidence demonstrates that maternal nutrition is crucial for the health of the mother-to-be, and early life course of the offspring. However, for most micronutrients, guidelines are inconsistent. This Delphi study aimed to investigate the level of expert consensus on maternal nutrition and micronutrient needs during preconception, pregnancy and lactation.
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Department of Cariology and Endodontics, Wuhan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Certain key questions in the diagnosis and treatment of primary osteoporosis and other disorders related to abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism].
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January 2025
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200025, China.
When diagnosing and treating primary osteoporosis and various calcium-phosphorus metabolism disorders, we must pay attention to some key points: diagnosing primary osteoporosis only after excluding secondary factors; understanding the features of various calcium supplements and anti-osteoporosis drugs; and selecting appropriate medications; foreseeing the changes in calcium-phosphorus metabolism after using anti-osteoporosis drugs. This article delves into the aforementioned key issues in the diagnosis and treatment of primary osteoporosis and various disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It emphasizes the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, rational drug use, and precautions for primary osteoporosis and various disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, aiming to enhance the level of disease diagnosis and treatment through a holistic thinking.
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The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key brain region for motivated behaviors, yet how distinct neuronal populations encode appetitive or aversive stimuli remains undetermined. Using microendoscopic calcium imaging in mice, we tracked NAc shell D1- or D2-medium spiny neurons' (MSNs) activity during exposure to stimuli of opposing valence and associative learning. Despite drift in individual neurons' coding, both D1- and D2-population activity was sufficient to discriminate opposing valence unconditioned stimuli, but not predictive cues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAltered trial-to-trial responses to reward outcomes in KCNMA1 knockout mice during probabilistic learning tasks.
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Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
The large-conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium (BK) channels, encoded by the KCNMA1 gene, play important roles in neuronal function. Mutations in KCNMA1 have been found in patients with various neurodevelopmental features, including intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous studies of KCNMA1 knockout mice have suggested altered activity patterns and behavioral flexibility, but it remained unclear whether these changes primarily affect immediate behavioral adaptation or longer-term learning processes.
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