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Backtrace:
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Severity: 8192
Message: strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated
Filename: models/Detail_model.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/models/Detail_model.php
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
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Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
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Backtrace:
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
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File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Antibacterial activity of silver-killed bacteria: the "zombies" effect. | LitMetric
We report a previously unrecognized mechanism for the prolonged action of biocidal agents, which we denote as the zombies effect: biocidally-killed bacteria are capable of killing living bacteria. The concept is demonstrated by first killing Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 with silver nitrate and then challenging, with the dead bacteria, a viable culture of the same bacterium: Efficient antibacterial activity of the killed bacteria is observed. A mechanism is suggested in terms of the action of the dead bacteria as a reservoir of silver, which, due to Le-Chatelier's principle, is re-targeted to the living bacteria. Langmuirian behavior, as well as deviations from it, support the proposed mechanism.
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