Six types of rice straw were selected in China in this paper, the homemade biomass combustion devices were used to simulate the outdoor burning. The concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (C) and water-soluble ions in particular matter produced by the flaming and smoldering were analyzed using Thermal Optical Carbon Analyzer (Model 2001A) and Ion Chromatography(ISC 2000/ISC 3000). The results showed that the mean value of OC (EFoc) and EC (EFEC) emission factors were (6.37 +/- 1.86) g x kg(-1) and (1.07 +/- 0.30) g x kg(-1) under the flaming conditions, respectively, while under the smoldering conditions the two mean values were (37.63 +/- 6.26) g x kg(-1) and (4.98 x 1.42) g x kg(-1). PM, OC and EC emitted from the same kind of rice straw had similar change trends. The average values of OC/EC under flaming and smoldering were 5.96 and 7.80, and the value of OC/PM was almost unchanged along with the combustion state. Nevertheless, the values of EC/PM under flaming and smoldering were 0.06-0.08 and 0.08-0.11, respectively. The trend of combustion state could be determined using the ratio of EC/PM and the RZ of emitted OC and EC through those two types of combustion reached 0. 97, which was significantly correlated at the 0. 01 level. Among the anions, Cl- showed the highest concentration, the results indicated that the average value of of Cl- emission factor was (0.246 +/- 0.150) g x kg(-1) under flaming, while it was (0.301 +/- 0.274) g x kg(-1) under smoldering. However, A big difference between flaming and smoldering was found in the average value of K+ emission factor, where (0.118 +/- 0.051) g x kg(-1) of the former was significantly higher than the latter (0.053 +/- 0.031) g x kg(-1). When it came to Na, the result of smoldering was significantly higher than that of flaming. The correlation between water-soluble ions in flaming was more significant than smoldering. Rice straw burning could be distinguished from fossil fuels and some other biomass burning by the OC/EC ratio, and it could also be distinguished from sort of trees burning by the ratio of K+ /Na+, Cl-/Na+ in water-soluble ions.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Effects of simulated smoke condensate generated from combustion of selected military burn pit contents on human airway epithelial cells.
Part Fibre Toxicol
October 2024
Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, 104 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Exposure to simulated burn pit smoke can significantly alter gene expression in human airway epithelial cells, potentially linking it to respiratory and other diseases common among those deployed in military settings.
- Flaming smoke from plywood was found to have the strongest impact on gene expression and cytokine release, suggesting harmful effects particular to burn pit materials.
- Differences in gene expression changes were noted based on donor demographics, with smokers and female donors showing more pronounced effects, indicating the need for further research into these variables and their implications for health.
Epistemological issues associated with Cantorian set theory were at the center of the foundational debates from 1900 onward. Hermann Weyl, as a central actor, saw this as a smoldering crisis that burst into flames after World War I. The historian Herbert Mehrtens argued that this "foundations crisis" was part of a larger conflict that pitted moderns, led by David Hilbert, against various counter-moderns, who opposed the promotion of set theory and trends toward abstract theories.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Correlation between Morphological Typing and Monoclonality of Bone Marrow Plasma Cells and Its Diagnostic Value for High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma].
Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi
August 2024
Department of Clinical Laboratory, The 910th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China.E-mail:
Objective: To investigate the correlation between morphological typing and monoclonality of bone marrow plasma cells, and explore the diagnostic value of plasma cell morphological typing for high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma(HR-SMM).
Methods: The correlation between the morphological characteristics and the monoclonality of bone marrow plasma cells was analyzed in 84 patients with HR-SMM who treated in our hospital. The consistency of morphologically abnormal bone marrow plasma cells with serum free light chain (sFLC) ratio, next-generation sequencing (NGS) detection results, and its correlation with monoclonal plasma cells detected by flow cytometry (FCM) were further verified.
Low temperature carbonization and synergistic flame retardancy of cotton fabric coated by phosphorus‑nitrogen flame retardants.
Int J Biol Macromol
October 2024
Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 451191, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Equipment Jointly Constructed by Henan Province and Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou, Henan 451191, China; Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Flame Retardant, Heat Insulating and Fire Resistant Functional Clothing and Materials, Zhengzhou, Henan 451191, China. Electronic address:
Article Synopsis
- Researchers developed a flame-retardant treatment for cotton fabric using biomass wool keratin (WK) and cyclic phosphate ester (CPE) through soaking and baking processes to address flammability issues.
- * The treatment creates a protective carbonization layer that slows down pyrolysis and reduces the release of combustible materials, significantly improving the fabric’s flame retardancy.
- * The results show increased initial decomposition temperatures and reduced burning damage, highlighting the effectiveness of WK and CPE in enhancing cotton fabric safety.
Stoking the fires of professional resistance: Trainees' efforts across time.
Med Educ
February 2025
Department of Health Professions Education, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Introduction: Researchers who study acts of resistance largely focus on efforts when they are at their peak, giving the impression that those who resist are in a constant state of arousal. What is missing in such studies is the variable of time, which is theorised to be intimately connected to power and resistance. To explore this aspect, we followed a group of trainees engaged in professional resistance against social injustice over the period of 1 year to understand how their efforts shifted across time.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!