A rich variety of responsive behavior occurs in complex structured fluids due to their lower symmetries. On the other hand, fluid disorder tends to increase the symmetry of liquid crystal mesophases. Here, we report direct evidence for the existence of a mesophase with CS symmetry. The observations are based on optical studies of director inversion walls in freely suspended films in electric fields under obliquely incident light. This phase is distinguished by the polarization lying in the molecular tilt plane in freely suspended films. Such a low-symmetry polar fluid phase has been long predicted to occur in bent-core liquid crystals. The stability of this phase is attributed to the bent shape of the mesogens and dominating dispersion interactions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.91.030502 | DOI Listing |
Phys Chem Chem Phys
December 2024
Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, USA.
We show that stable, freely suspended liquid crystal films can be made from the ferroelectric nematic (N) phase and from the recently discovered polar, lamellar SmZ and SmA phases. The N films display two-dimensional, smectic-like parabolic focal conic textures comprising director/polarization bend that are a manifestation of the electrostatic suppression of director splay in the film plane. In the SmZ and SmA phases, the smectic layers orient preferentially normal to the film surfaces, a condition never found in typical thermotropic or lyotropic lamellar LC phases, with the SmZ films exhibiting focal-conic fan textures mimicking the appearance of typical smectics in glass cells when the layers are oriented normal to the plates, and the SmA films showing a texture of plaquettes of uniform in-plane orientation where both bend and splay are suppressed, separated by grain boundaries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoft Matter
November 2024
Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
We study the influence of airborne CO on the charge state of carboxylate stabilized polymer latex particles suspended in aqueous electrolytes. We combine conductometric experiments interpreted in terms of Hessinger's conductivity model with Poisson-Boltzmann cell (PBC) model calculations with charge regulation boundary conditions. Without CO, a minority of the weakly acidic surface groups are dissociated and only a fraction of the total number of counter-ions actually contribute to conductivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFISME Commun
January 2024
Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
Soil microorganisms often thrive as microcolonies or biofilms within pores of soil aggregates exposed to the soil atmosphere. However, previous studies on the physiology of soil ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs), which play a critical role in the nitrogen cycle, were primarily conducted using freely suspended AOM cells (planktonic cells) in liquid media. In this study, we examined the growth of two representative soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), EN76 and "" MY2, and a soil ammonia-oxidizing bacterium, ATCC 19718 on polycarbonate membrane filters floated on liquid media to observe their adaptation to air-exposed solid surfaces.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanomaterials (Basel)
October 2024
Center for Process Analysis and Technology (PA&T), School of Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstraße 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany.
The use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in liquid solutions has always been challenging due to signal fluctuations, inconsistent data, and difficulties in obtaining reliable results, especially at very low analyte concentrations. In our study, we introduce a new method using a three-dimensional (3D) SERS substrate made of silica microparticles (SMPs) with attached plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs). These SMPs were placed in low-concentration analyte solutions for SERS analysis.
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