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1532-209217102015OctEuropace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of CardiologyEuropaceAutomated detection of effective left-ventricular pacing: going beyond percentage pacing counters.155515621555-6210.1093/europace/euv062Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices report percentage pacing as a diagnostic but cannot determine the effectiveness of each paced beat in capturing left-ventricular (LV) myocardium. Reasons for ineffective LV pacing include improper timing (i.e. pseudofusion) or inadequate pacing output. Device-based determination of effective LV pacing may facilitate optimization of CRT response.Effective capture at the LV cathode results in a negative deflection (QS or QS-r morphology) on a unipolar electrogram (EGM). Morphological features of LV cathode-RV coil EGMs were analysed to develop a device-based automatic algorithm, which classified each paced beat as effective or ineffective LV pacing. The algorithm was validated using acute data from 28 CRT-defibrillator patients. Effective LV pacing and pseudofusion was simulated by pacing at various AV delays. Loss of LV capture was simulated by RV-only pacing. The algorithm always classified LV or biventricular (BV) pacing with AV delays ≤60% of patient's intrinsic AV delay as effective pacing. As AV delays increased, the percentage of beats classified as effective LV pacing decreased. Algorithm results were compared against a classification truth based on correlation coefficients between paced QRS complexes and intrinsic rhythm QRS templates from three surface ECG leads. An average correlation >0.9 defined a classification truth of ineffective pacing. Compared against the classification truth, the algorithm correctly classified 98.2% (3240/3300) effective LV pacing beats, 75.8% (561/740) of pseudofusion beats, and 100% (540/540) of beats with loss of LV capture.A device-based algorithm for beat-by-beat monitoring of effective LV pacing is feasible.© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.GhoshSubhamSMedtronic Inc., 8200 Coral Sea St, Mounds View, MN 55112, USA.StadlerRobert WRWMedtronic Inc., 8200 Coral Sea St, Mounds View, MN 55112, USA.MittalSuneetSArrhythmia Institute at Valley Hospital, 223 N. Van Dien Avenue, Ridgewood, NJ 07450, USA mittsu@valleyhealth.com.engJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't20150409
EnglandEuropace1008836491099-5129IMAgedAlgorithmsCardiac Resynchronization TherapyCardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devicesadverse effectsFemaleHeart FailuretherapyHeart VentriclesphysiopathologyHumansMaleMiddle AgedCardiac resynchronization therapyEffective LV pacingElectrogramsPercent pacing
2015122015223201541260201541260201685602015410ppublish25862307PMC461737010.1093/europace/euv062euv062Brignole M, Aurrichio A, Baron-Esquivias G, Bordachar P, Boriani G, Breithardt OA, et al. 2013 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: the task force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). Europace 2013;15:1070–118.23801827Hayes DL, Boehmer JP, Day JD, Gilliam FR, III, Heidenreich PA, Seth M, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy and the relationship percent biventricular pacing to symptoms and survival. Heart Rhythm 2011;8:1469–75.21699828Koplan BA, Kaplan AJ, Weiner S, Jones PW, Seth M, Christman SA. Heart failure decompensation and all-cause mortality in relation to percent biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure: is a goal of 100% biventricular pacing necessary? J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:355–60.19161886Gasparini M, Galimberti P, Ceriotti C. The importance of increased percentage of biventricular pacing to improve clinical outcomes in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy. Curr Opin Cardiol 2013;28:50–4.23196776Ousdigian KT, Borek P, Koehler JL, Heywood T, Ziegler PD, Wilkoff BL. The epidemic of inadequate biventricular pacing in patients with persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation and its association with mortality. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2014;7:370–6.24838004Martin DO, Lemke B, Birnie D, Krum H, Lee KF, Aonuma K, et al. Investigation of a novel algorithm for synchronized left-ventricular pacing and ambulatory optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy: results of the Adaptive CRT trial. Heart Rhythm 2012;9:1807–14.22796472Ganiere V, Domenichini G, Niculescu V, Cassagneau R, Defaye P, Burri H. A new electrocardiogram algorithm for diagnosing loss of ventricular capture during cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace 2013;15:376–81.23054217Jastrzebski M, Kukula P, Kamil CF, Czarnecka D. Universal algorithm for diagnosis of biventricular capture in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2014;37:986–93.24646024Kamath GS, Cotiga D, Koneru JN, Arshad A, Pierce W, Aziz EF, et al. The utility of 12-lead Holter monitoring in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation for the identification of nonresponders after cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:1050–5.19298918Man KC, Daoud EG, Knight BP, Bahu M, Weiss R, Zivin A, et al. Accuracy of the unipolar electrograms for identification of the site of origin of ventricular activation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1997;8:974–9.9300293Diotallevi P, Ravazzi PA, Gostoli E, Marchi GD, Militello C, Kraetschmer H. An algorithm for verifying biventricular capture based on evoked-response morphology. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2005;28:S15–8.15683484Crossley GH, Mead H, Kleckner K, Sheldon T, Davenport L, Harsch MR, et al. Automated left ventricular capture management. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2007;10:1190–200.17897121van Gelder BM, Bracke FA, Meijer A, Pijils NH. The hemodynamic effect of intrinsic conduction during left ventricular pacing as compared to biventricular pacing. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:2305–10.16360063Caldwell JC, Contractor H, Petkar S, Ali R, Clarke B, Garratt CJ, et al. Atrial fibrillation is under-recognized in chronic heart failure: insights from a heart failure cohort treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace 2009;11:1295–300.19648586Puglisi A, Gasparini M, Lunati M, Sassara M, Padeletti L, Landolina M, et al. Persistent atrial fibrillation worsens heart rate variability, activity and heart rate, as shown by a continuous monitoring by implantable biventricular pacemakers in heart failure patients. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2008;19:693–701.18328039Hoppe UC, Casares JM, Eiskajer H, Hagemann A, Cleland JGF, Freemantle N, et al. Effect of cardiac resynchronization on the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with severe heart failure. Circulation 2006;114:18–25.16801461Milpied P, Dubois R, Roussel P, Henry C, Dreyfus G. Morphological stability of bipolar and unipolar endocardial electrograms. Comput Cardiol 2010;37:733–6.
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30340501MCID_676f0863eb96a9a5730ddff2 39726725 39726627 39723275 39721201 39720395 effective "effect"[All Fields] OR "effecting"[All Fields] OR "effective"[All Fields] OR "effectively"[All Fields] OR "effectiveness"[All Fields] OR "effectivenesses"[All Fields] OR "effectives"[All Fields] OR "effectivities"[All Fields] OR "effectivity"[All Fields] OR "effects"[All Fields] pacing "paced"[All Fields] OR "paces"[All Fields] OR "pacing"[All Fields] OR "pacings"[All Fields] ("effect"[All Fields] OR "effecting"[All Fields] OR "effective"[All Fields] OR "effectively"[All Fields] OR "effectiveness"[All Fields] OR "effectivenesses"[All Fields] OR "effectives"[All Fields] OR "effectivities"[All Fields] OR "effectivity"[All Fields] OR "effects"[All Fields]) AND ("paced"[All Fields] OR "paces"[All Fields] OR "pacing"[All Fields] OR "pacings"[All Fields]) trying2...
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Automated detection of effective left-ventricular pacing: going beyond percentage pacing counters. | LitMetric

Aims: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices report percentage pacing as a diagnostic but cannot determine the effectiveness of each paced beat in capturing left-ventricular (LV) myocardium. Reasons for ineffective LV pacing include improper timing (i.e. pseudofusion) or inadequate pacing output. Device-based determination of effective LV pacing may facilitate optimization of CRT response.

Methods And Results: Effective capture at the LV cathode results in a negative deflection (QS or QS-r morphology) on a unipolar electrogram (EGM). Morphological features of LV cathode-RV coil EGMs were analysed to develop a device-based automatic algorithm, which classified each paced beat as effective or ineffective LV pacing. The algorithm was validated using acute data from 28 CRT-defibrillator patients. Effective LV pacing and pseudofusion was simulated by pacing at various AV delays. Loss of LV capture was simulated by RV-only pacing. The algorithm always classified LV or biventricular (BV) pacing with AV delays ≤60% of patient's intrinsic AV delay as effective pacing. As AV delays increased, the percentage of beats classified as effective LV pacing decreased. Algorithm results were compared against a classification truth based on correlation coefficients between paced QRS complexes and intrinsic rhythm QRS templates from three surface ECG leads. An average correlation >0.9 defined a classification truth of ineffective pacing. Compared against the classification truth, the algorithm correctly classified 98.2% (3240/3300) effective LV pacing beats, 75.8% (561/740) of pseudofusion beats, and 100% (540/540) of beats with loss of LV capture.

Conclusion: A device-based algorithm for beat-by-beat monitoring of effective LV pacing is feasible.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4617370PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/europace/euv062DOI Listing

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