Ligands for neuronal receptors are important for understanding the biological functions as well as for treatment of neuronal diseases associated with. Here, we report diverted synthesis and biological evaluation of four C-ring analogs of IKM-159, a subtype-selective inhibitor for (S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA)-type ionotropic glutamate receptor. Starting from iodinated 7-oxanorbornene 7, those analogs 3-6 were successfully synthesized in 7.0-33% yields over 8-11 steps via a common intermediate 13. Intracerebroventricular injection of those analogs on mice showed that introduction of oxo group on the C-ring (analogs 4, 5) or cleavage of the C-ring (analog 6) caused significant loss of the activity, while the ether analog 3 still retain the suppressed motor activity, indicating the importance of the C-ring in the neuronal activity of IKM-159.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.03.037 | DOI Listing |
Aquac Nutr
December 2024
Tropical Future Institute, James Cook University, Singapore, Singapore.
Malabar snapper () is an economically important marine fish throughout the Indo-Pacific, with an emerging aquaculture industry. Although generic marine feeds are available for production, these are not optimised for this species. Understanding energy utilisation and balance can provide insight into suitable macronutrient profiles for new species to provide a baseline for future development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pharm Biopharm
December 2024
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China. Electronic address:
Oral delivery of peptide drugs remains one of the most formidable challenges in the frontier of pharmaceutical research. Peptide drugs typically suffer from exceptionally low oral bioavailability, primarily attributed to rigorous enzymatic degradation within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, limited ability to traverse the enterocyte barrier, and significant first-pass hepatic metabolism. Absorption of peptide drugs via the lymphatic route could potentially bypass intracellular lysosome degradation and hepatic first-pass metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Numer Method Biomed Eng
January 2025
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
As the number of cerebral aneurysms treated with flow diverters continues to increase, it is important to understand what factors influence not only thrombus formation within the aneurysm cavity but also fibrin accumulation across the device and its associated disruption and blockage of the inflow stream. Both processes contribute to the eventual occlusion of the aneurysm or its continued patency and incomplete occlusion which may require future re-treatment. To investigate fibrin accumulation on flow diverters placed across the neck of cerebral aneurysms, a previously developed computational model that couples flow and fibrin dynamics is used in combination with experimental in vitro models of cerebral aneurysms treated with flow diverters.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNutr Metab (Lond)
December 2024
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Clinica Medica "C. Frugoni", "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) are characterised by a substantial rewiring of lipid fluxes caused by systemic metabolic unbalances and/or disrupted intracellular metabolic pathways. SLD is a direct consequence of the interaction between genetic predisposition and a chronic positive energy balance affecting whole-body energy homeostasis and the function of metabolically-competent organs. In this review, we discuss how the impairment of the cross-talk between peripheral organs and the liver stalls glucose and lipid metabolism, leading to unbalances in hepatic lipid fluxes that promote hepatic fat accumulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Pollut
December 2024
Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China. Electronic address:
Bisphenol F (BPF) is an environmental endocrine disruptor capable of crossing the placental barrier and affecting the growth and development of offspring. Despite its potential impact, systematic research about effects of BPF on the reproductive function of male offspring remains limited. In this study, pregnant female mice were exposed to BPF at doses of 40, 400, and 4000 μg/kg during gestation and lactation, respectively, to evaluate its impact on testicular damage, testosterone levels, and spermatogenesis of male offspring (F1 generation), and further explore the mechanisms using transcriptomics.
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