A descriptive study of the changes in coverage of preventive and promotive interventions before and after the introduction of integrated community case management (ICCM) in Ethiopia.

Background: The effect of integrated community case management (iCCM) of common childhood illness on use of vital preventive services is not known.

Objective: To measure the coverage of maternal and child health preventive and promotive interventions before and after scaling up iCCM.

Methods: In 2011 and 2013, we conducted cross-sectional, population-based, household coverage surveys in four Integrated Family Health Program target regions: Amhara, Oromia, SNNP, and Tigray.

Results: Coverage increased for 10 of 15 indicators, mainly for maternal, immunization, and nutrition services. In some cases, we observed dramatic increases, i.e., for ≥ 4 antenatal care visits, antenatal iron and folate, and exclusive breastfeeding. Some increase occurred even when 2011 levels were already high, i.e., for immunization. Three indicators remained high and unchanged (bednet ownership, children sleeping under bednets, and any latrine). Two indicators decreased (tetanus toxoid and households with ≥ 2 bednets).

Conclusion: Scale-up of iCCM was consistent with increased coverage of most preventative and promotive interventions, which may contribute to the life-saving effect of iCCM.