AI Article Synopsis
- This study explored how carrageenan (CAR) and protamine (PROT) can form nanoparticles (NPs) without a cross-linker, focusing on different types of CAR: kappa (KC), iota (IC), and lambda (LC).
- The size and properties of the produced NPs were influenced by factors like CAR type, concentration, addition of divalent cations, and the weight mixing ratio of CAR and PROT.
- Among the different types of CAR, IC showed the best suitability for NP formation, resulting in smaller sizes and better stability, with a notable impact from factors like initial surface charge and pH levels.
Article Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the feasibility of cross-linker free polyelectrolyte complex formation at the nanoscale between carrageenan (CAR) and protamine (PROT). The properties of CAR/PROT nanoparticles (NPs) were dependent on the carrageenan type: kappa (KC), iota (IC) and lambda (LC), concentration of components, addition of divalent cations, weight mixing ratio (WMR) of constituents and mode of component addition. In the case of 0.1% w/v solutions, IC-based NPs had the smallest particle sizes (100-150nm) and low polydispersity indices (0.1-0.4). A decrease in the solution concentration from 0.1% to 0.05% w/v enabled the formation of KC/PROT NPs. All carrageenans exhibited the ability to form NPs with surface charge ranging from -190 to 40mV. The inclusion of divalent cations caused an increase in the particle size and zeta potential. Infrared analysis confirmed the presence of a complex between CAR and PROT and showed that IC chains undergo structural changes when forming NPs. Colloidal stability of NPs was related to the initial surface charge of particles and was time- and pH-dependent. IC was found to be the most suitable type of CAR when forming nanoplexes with PROT.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.01.066 | DOI Listing |
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