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Schizophrenia-like topological changes in the structural connectome of individuals with subclinical psychotic experiences. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Schizophrenia is seen as a "dysconnectivity" disorder, and recent research using graph theory is helping to understand the brain's structural connectome in this condition, particularly in less severe cases.
  • A study scanned 123 individuals with psychotic experiences (PEs) and 125 controls, revealing that global efficiency and density of brain networks were significantly reduced in those with PEs, while local efficiency was impaired in crucial network areas.
  • The findings suggest that while white-matter changes are subtle at early stages, examining network topology could serve as a sensitive biomarker for the early stages of psychotic disorders.

Article Abstract

Schizophrenia is often regarded as a "dysconnectivity" disorder and recent work using graph theory has been used to better characterize dysconnectivity of the structural connectome in schizophrenia. However, there are still little data on the topology of connectomes in less severe forms of the condition. Such analysis will identify topological markers of less severe disease states and provide potential predictors of further disease development. Individuals with psychotic experiences (PEs) were identified from a population-based cohort without relying on participants presenting to clinical services. Such individuals have an increased risk of developing clinically significant psychosis. 123 individuals with PEs and 125 controls were scanned with diffusion-weighted MRI. Whole-brain structural connectomes were derived and a range of global and local GT-metrics were computed. Global efficiency and density were significantly reduced in individuals with PEs. Local efficiency was reduced in a number of regions, including critical network hubs. Further analysis of functional subnetworks showed differential impairment of the default mode network. An additional analysis of pair-wise connections showed no evidence of differences in individuals with PEs. These results are consistent with previous findings in schizophrenia. Reduced efficiency in critical core hubs suggests the brains of individuals with PEs may be particularly predisposed to dysfunction. The absence of any detectable effects in pair-wise connections illustrates that, at less severe stages of psychosis, white-matter alterations are subtle and only manifest when examining network topology. This study indicates that topology could be a sensitive biomarker for early stages of psychotic illness.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4479544PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22796DOI Listing

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