Programs for improving motivation to recover drug dependence were conducted in penal institutes in Japan. This study examined the effects of these programs, in order to increase their efficacy. Furthermore, relationship between increased motivation and prevention of recidivism was examined. The following programs had been conducted in penal institutions: (1) speed learning program using audio-visual aids, (2) meeting program (meet a experienced person in recover), in cooperation with DARC (Drug Addiction Rehabilitation Center), and (3) relapse prevention program. Participants were female inmates (N = 94) that had taken part in one of the programs. In order to examine the relationship between motivation for change and recidivism, the motivation for change score was assessed before and after the treatment program. Furthermore, a followed-up was conducted to assess recidivism after release. Results indicated that all the programs resulted in improvements in motivation for change. However, motivation for change resulting from none of the programs had any significant effect on recidivism. The objectives of the treatment programs were reached as expected, since motivation for change improved after the treatment However, it is suggested that to prevent recidivism, more effective treatment methods for improving motivation to change are required.
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