Impact of clinical pharmacists in the emergency department of an Australian public hospital: A before and after study.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of an ED pharmacy service on ED clinical staff and hospital pharmacist activity.

Methods: A prospective study measuring pharmacist activities and surveying ED staff attitudes and experience before and after commencement of an ED pharmacy service.

Results: There were 2275 and 2072 hospital-wide pharmacist occasions of service recorded over a 1 month period before and after implementation of the ED pharmacy service, respectively; 339 (16.4%) of these occurred in the ED post-implementation. ED pharmacists most commonly were involved in obtaining medication histories (74% of ED occasions of service); 43% of all pharmacist-performed medication histories occurred in the ED. Post-implementation of the service, 26% of medication interventions occurred in the ED with the number of medication errors identified by ward pharmacists decreasing by 11%; 59% of ED pharmacist medication interventions were clinically significant. ED clinicians perceived the greatest impact of the service to be on patient education and medication safety. Qualitative feedback was overwhelmingly positive.

Conclusions: Pharmacy staff can rapidly become a vital component of clinical service provision in the ED, contributing to medication safety from the point of patient entry into the hospital and impacting ED clinicians and whole of hospital activity for pharmacists.