Topical Review: Theoretical Frameworks in Pediatric Adherence-Promotion Interventions: Research Findings and Methodological Implications.

Objective: To summarize the guiding theoretical frameworks included in pediatric adherence-promotion interventions and characterize targeted domains using the theoretical domains framework (TDF), a standardized system developed by adult behavior change researchers.

Methods: A systematic review of PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases identified 47 articles describing pediatric adherence-promotion interventions. Data extraction was completed independently by two authors. Targeted intervention domains were classified using the TDF.

Results: The majority of interventions did not cite a guiding theoretical framework or cited multiple theories with overlapping domains. The TDF was a reliable categorization system and suggested that pediatric adherence-promotion interventions most commonly target knowledge, skills, and social influences.

Conclusions: Pediatric adherence-promotion interventions draw from a variety of theories and lack a consistent language for describing targeted domains. The adapted TDF proposed here is one method of reducing variability in intervention development and reporting and may facilitate efforts to identify the processes that improve adherence.