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Dimensionality vs taxonicity of schizotypy: some new data and challenges ahead. | LitMetric

Dimensionality vs taxonicity of schizotypy: some new data and challenges ahead.

Schizophr Bull

Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Published: March 2015

AI Article Synopsis

  • A study was conducted to investigate whether schizotypy (a personality trait related to schizophrenia) has a taxonic structure or is just a part of a continuum of traits among a psychiatric sample of 109 individuals.
  • Results suggested that schizotypy exists as a distinct category, with 38.8% of participants showing traits characteristic of this classification.
  • Follow-up assessments found that individuals with schizotypy exhibited more cognitive impairments, negative symptoms, and a history of psychiatric issues, raising questions about existing research methodologies and the need for clearer definitions in understanding schizotypy and its relation to clinical conditions.

Article Abstract

Heterogeneity in the expression of schizotypy may arise from underlying dimensional processes or a taxonic population structure. In a 2-phase study, we tested the taxonicity of self-reported schizotypy within a general psychiatric sample (n = 109) and examined taxon validity by testing its association with clinical schizotaxia in follow-up subsamples. Taxometric analyses indicated a taxonic structure (schizotypy prevalence = 38.8%) provided the best description of the underlying population distribution. After a year, schizotypal (n = 14) and nonschizotypal (n = 14) subsamples returned for diagnosis of clinical schizotaxia by assessment of executive functioning, attention, memory, and negative symptoms. Seven patients met diagnostic criteria, all members of the schizotypy class. Schizotypy was associated with impaired attention and memory, more negative symptoms, poorer global functioning, and more extensive psychiatric histories. We reconcile inconsistencies in the literature by discussing threats to the validity of this and similar research on Meehl's taxonomic model of schizotypy, including conceptual limitations of the lexical hypothesis and conventions of factor analysis. Scrutiny of Meehl's model should involve disambiguation and better measurement of the schizotaxia-schizotypy phenotype.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4373639PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbu221DOI Listing

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