This study aimed to explore effects of static magnetic fields (SMFs) of moderate intensity (3-50 mT) as biophysical stimulators of proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs were exposed to SMFs of three intensities: 3, 15, and 50 mT. Proliferation was assessed by cell counting and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and differentiation by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium content, mineralized nodule formation, and transcripts of osteogenic markers. Moderate intensity SMFs increased cell proliferation, ALP activity, calcium release, and mineralized nodule formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which peaked at 15 mT. In the same manner, they upregulated expression of osteogenic marker genes such as ALP, bone sialoprotein 2 (BSP2), collagen1a1 (COL1a1), osteocalcin (OCN), osteonectin (ON), osteopontin (OPN), osterix (OSX), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) with peak at 15 mT after 14 or 21 days of exposure. Results demonstrate that moderate intensity SMFs promote proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of MSCs. This effect could help to improve MSC responses during osseointegration between a dental implant and surrounding bone.
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