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The emergence of bromazolam in Jefferson County, AL: a case series.
J Anal Toxicol
October 2024
Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35249, United States.
Article Synopsis
- Postmortem toxicology is evolving, with trends in benzodiazepines, particularly diazepam, alprazolam, and clonazepam, influenced by prescription habits and street use.
- Bromazolam, a newly identified designer benzodiazepine, has been detected in increasing cases and poses a risk of contributing to CNS depression in opioid overdose situations.
- Analysis of ten cases from the University of Alabama at Birmingham revealed a predominance of male, young white decedents with polydrug toxicity, underscoring the importance of documenting emerging drugs on death certificates for public health awareness and prevention efforts.
The surge of bromazolam-related fatalities replacing other novel designer benzodiazepines-related fatalities in San Francisco.
Addiction
August 2024
Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Background And Aim: Bromazolam, a novel designer benzodiazepine (NBD), exhibits potent sedative, hypnotic and anxiolytic effects, raising concerns regarding its potential for misuse and fatal outcomes, particularly when combined with opioids such as fentanyl. Despite limited documented fatalities globally, its use poses a significant threat, exacerbated by under-reporting and a lack of routine testing. This study analysed NBD-related deaths in a major US city over a 4-year period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProbe Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Detection and Quantification of Benzodiazepines.
Ther Drug Monit
August 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges ,France ; and.
Background: Legally prescribed benzodiazepines (BZDs) and designer BZDs are widely misused and must be determined in multiple contexts (eg, overdose, drug-facilitated sexual assaults, or driving under the influence of drugs). This study aimed to develop a method for measuring serum BZD levels using probe electrospray ionization (PESI) mass spectrometry and an isotope dilution approach.
Methods: A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with a probe electrospray ionization source in multiple reaction monitoring mode was used.
Prevalence and blood concentrations of benzodiazepines and opioids in opioid-positive death investigations in Ontario, Canada, from 2017 to 2021.
J Forensic Sci
March 2024
Quality Assurance Unit, Centre of Forensic Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- * The majority of cases (71%) were male, most commonly affecting those aged 30-39, with fentanyl being the most detected opioid and etizolam the most detected benzodiazepine.
- * The findings suggest an increase in benzodiazepine presence alongside opioids, indicating a evolving, more toxic drug landscape, and highlight the need for informed public health policies on harm reduction strategies.
Recent findings and advancements in the detection of designer benzodiazepines: a brief review.
Arh Hig Rada Toksikol
December 2023
Hangzhou Dianzi University College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou, China.
Article Synopsis
- The article explores designer benzodiazepines (DBZs), which are new psychoactive substances that can impair motor functions and increase overdose risks, especially when mixed with other sedatives.
- It highlights the challenges in detecting these substances, as their metabolic processes are not fully understood, and improvements in detection techniques like liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) have been made.
- Future research is essential to uncover the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of DBZs, considering genetic variations and potential drug interactions to better inform clinical treatment and toxicological assessments.
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