Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a prothrombotic condition and it is associated with increased in vivo thrombin generation that needs to be treated with non-heparin anticoagulants such as direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs). DTIs require parenteral administration and are associated with a non negligible risk of major bleeding. We describe a case of HIT treated with rivaroxaban, a direct oral factor Xa inhibitor which could be used to inhibit the generation of thrombin, instead of DTIs. A 68 year-old man with a thrombosis confined to the internal gastrocnemius and soleal veins developed HIT during enoxaparin 80 mg twice a day. Enoxaparin was stopped and rivaroxaban 20 mg once a day was started. Platelet count returned to base line after 6 days from enoxaparin withdrawal. After 3 months rivaroxaban was stopped and the patient had an uneventful course. This case report supports the hypothesis that rivaroxaban may be candidate for treatment of HIT, and larger studies are justified.
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