The purpose of the study was to assess the outcome of orthodontic care in Linköping, Sweden. The dental records of 207 (107 M, 100 F) 19-year-olds registered at one public dental health clinic were studied. A clinical examination was performed where malocclu- sions were registered, where after residual orthodontictreatment need was measured using the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON). The 19-year-olds also filled in a questionnaire regarding residual subjective orthodontic treatment demand. Differences between genders were analysed. One hundred and ten (47 M, 63 F) individuals (53.1%) had partaken in orthodontic consultations. Orthodontic appliance treatment had been received by 86 (38 M, 48 F) individuals (41.6%). A residual orthodontic treatment need was registered in 28 (22 M, 6 F) individuals (13.5%). Residual subjective orthodontic treatment demand was expressed by 9 (3 M, 6 F) indi- viduals (4.3%). Eight (2 M, 6 F) of those had no residual treatment need. A higher (p = 0.006) rate of females (63.0%) than males (44.0%) had participated in ort- hodontic consultations. The proportion of males (35.5%) who had experienced orthodontic treatment was not significantly lower (p = 0.069) than among the females (48.0%). However, a lower (p = 0.009) proportion of treated males (55.3%; n = 21 out of 38) than of treated females (81.3%; n = 39 out of 48) had received their treatment by orthodontic specialists. At 19 years of age, the proportion of males with residual treatment need (20.6%) was higher (p = 0.002) than among the females (6.0%). Every patient with orthodontic treatment need and -demand at 19 years of age had previously been offered orthodontic treatment. The conclusion was drawn that the orthodontic care scheme had successfully diagnosed and treated orthodontic problems in the population. However, notable differences between genders regarding treatment modalities and the amount of residual treatment need at age 19 were found.
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