Botulinum toxin for the treatment of refractory erythema and flushing of rosacea.

Background: Persistent erythema and severe rosacea flushing can cause significant physical discomfort and emotional stress to patients. Currently, no satisfactory treatments are available.

Methods: We report two cases of refractory flushing and erythema of rosacea that were successfully treated with intradermal botulinum toxin injections.

Results: Good cosmetic results were achieved for both patients. The side effects during and after treatment were mild pain and localized bruising; these symptoms resolved within several days without further treatment.

Conclusion: Intradermal botulinum toxin injection may be an effective treatment for refractory erythema and rosacea flushing that deserves further study in a larger patient population.