AI Article Synopsis
- Approximately 70% of pit viper snakebite patients need antivenom due to serious complications like coagulopathy, yet guidance on administering Crotalinae Polyvalent Immune Fab (FabAV) and follow-up is limited.
- A study was conducted over 3 years, reviewing cases of patients with snakebite injuries, specifically looking for those with an international normalized ratio (INR) greater than 2.0, while excluding those on anticoagulants.
- Out of 61 patients reviewed, 3 met the criteria, with 2 exhibiting rebound coagulopathy requiring further treatment; monitoring patients for 10-14 days post-envenomation is recommended to identify any asymptomatic complications, which can be treated effectively with
Article Abstract
Objective: An estimated 70% of patients with pit viper snakebites require antivenom to treat serious complications such as coagulopathy. Evidence-based guidance is limited for the appropriate administration of Crotalinae Polyvalent Immune Fab (FabAV) and the duration of laboratory follow-up. The objective of our study was to assess the incidence of marked and recurrent envenomation coagulopathy at our trauma center and identify practice patterns that may prevent serious complications.
Methods: A retrospective case review was conducted over a 3-year period on patients treated for symptomatic snakebite injury. Case records were reviewed for the inclusion criteria of international normalized ratio (INR) greater than 2.0. The exclusion criterion was limited to patients receiving anticoagulant therapy.
Results: In all, 61 patients were identified on retrospective chart review and 3 patients (4.9%) met inclusion criteria. Two of the 3 patients had marked rebound coagulopathy requiring readmission and additional treatment. In our small series, 2 patients presenting after crotaline envenomation with increased INR (>6.0), decreased fibrinogen (<60 mg/dL), and decreased platelet count (<100,000/mL) had recurrent coagulopathy and were asymptomatic, and recurrence was noted only with follow-up laboratory testing. All patients responded positively within a matter of hours to repeat FabAV administration, with resolution of rebound coagulopathy.
Conclusions: We recommend periodic monitoring of patients with increased INR, decreased fibrinogen, and decreased platelet count. Patients should be monitored for 10 to 14 days after envenomation to identify asymptomatic rebound coagulopathy. Prompt readministration of FabAV appears to correct the coagulopathy.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wem.2014.11.019 | DOI Listing |
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