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γδ T cells confer protection against murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) poses significant health risks to immune-compromised patients, and this study explores the role of γδ T cells in combatting the virus.
  • Researchers used genetically modified mice to demonstrate that γδ T cells can effectively protect against CMV, similar to αβ T cells, by controlling viral load and reducing organ damage.
  • The study reveals that γδ T cells are capable of functioning independently from other immune cells, suggesting potential for new therapies aimed at leveraging γδ T cell responses in patients with compromised αβ T cells.

Article Abstract

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a leading infectious cause of morbidity in immune-compromised patients. γδ T cells have been involved in the response to CMV but their role in protection has not been firmly established and their dependency on other lymphocytes has not been addressed. Using C57BL/6 αβ and/or γδ T cell-deficient mice, we here show that γδ T cells are as competent as αβ T cells to protect mice from CMV-induced death. γδ T cell-mediated protection involved control of viral load and prevented organ damage. γδ T cell recovery by bone marrow transplant or adoptive transfer experiments rescued CD3ε-/- mice from CMV-induced death confirming the protective antiviral role of γδ T cells. As observed in humans, different γδ T cell subsets were induced upon CMV challenge, which differentiated into effector memory cells. This response was observed in the liver and lungs and implicated both CD27+ and CD27- γδ T cells. NK cells were the largely preponderant producers of IFNγ and cytotoxic granules throughout the infection, suggesting that the protective role of γδ T cells did not principally rely on either of these two functions. Finally, γδ T cells were strikingly sufficient to fully protect Rag-/-γc-/- mice from death, demonstrating that they can act in the absence of B and NK cells. Altogether our results uncover an autonomous protective antiviral function of γδ T cells, and open new perspectives for the characterization of a non classical mode of action which should foster the design of new γδ T cell based therapies, especially useful in αβ T cell compromised patients.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4352080PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004702DOI Listing

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