The purpose of the present study was to test the prediction that when two rewards, a smaller but "socially closer" one and a larger but "socially more distant" one, are moved away from the subject by the same social distance, subjective value of the socially more distant reward will increase (i.e. the rate of social discounting will be shallower). The effect was absent when the recipients were moved back 10 places, but emerged when they were moved back 20 places. In addition, the hyperbolic model was found to correctly describe choices between two socially distant rewards. The results confirm similarities between social and temporal discounting.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2015.02.010 | DOI Listing |
BMJ Open
January 2025
Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office, Wits Health Consortium, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Objective: To study the behavioural factors associated with sustained cigarette smoking cessation, and those associated with a current smoker attempting to quit, among current and former cigarette smokers living in low-income South African communities.
Setting: Three low-income areas in South Africa.
Design: In-person surveys with structured questions that asked respondents about their cigarette smoking and quitting behaviour, sociodemographic information and behavioural attributes.
PLoS One
January 2025
Division of Global HIV & TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
Background: In Uganda, adolescent girls', and young women's (AGYW-15-24 years) current HIV prevalence is fourfold compared with their male counterparts due to compounded social, economic, and environmental factors. Using the Protective Motivation Theory (PMT), we explored HIV-acquisition risk sources and perceived protective factors from AGYW and caregivers' perspective.
Materials And Methods: During 2018, we conducted a qualitative study guided by PMT to explore factors influencing HIV acquisition among AGYW.
Dev Cogn Neurosci
January 2025
Erasmus SYNC Lab, the Netherlands; Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Brain and Development Research Center, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, the Netherlands.
Cognition
January 2025
School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, 900 South Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, 777 E University Drive, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
Cultural evolutionary theory has shown that social learning is adaptive across a broad range of conditions. While existing theory can account for why some social information is ignored, humans frequently under-utilise beneficial social information in experimental settings. One account of this is epistemic vigilance, whereby individuals avoid social information that is likely to be untrustworthy, though few experiments have directly tested this.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Hum Behav
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.
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