Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and electrochemistry are reported for a heterometallic soft salt, [Ru(dtbubpy)3 ][Ir(ppy)2 (CN)2 ]2 ([Ir][Ru][Ir]), consisting of a 2:1 ratio of complementary charged Ru and Ir complexes possessing two different emission colors. The [Ru](2+) and [Ir](-) moieties in the [Ir][Ru][Ir] greatly reduce the energy required to produce ECL. Though ECL intensity in the annihilation path was enhanced 18× relative to that of [Ru(bpy)3 ](2+) , ECL in the co-reactant path with tri-n-propylamine was enhanced a further 4×. Spooling spectroscopy gives insight into ECL mechanisms: the unique light emission at 634 nm is due to the [Ru](2+) * excited state and no [Ir](-) * was generated in either route. Overall, the soft salt system is anticipated to be attractive and suitable for the development of efficient and low-energy-cost ECL detection systems.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201406533 | DOI Listing |
Eur Phys J E Soft Matter
January 2025
Institut für Theoretische Physik 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Bavaria, Germany.
We employ graph neural networks (GNN) to analyse and classify physical gel networks obtained from Brownian dynamics simulations of particles with competing attractive and repulsive interactions. Conventionally such gels are characterized by their position in a state diagram spanned by the packing fraction and the strength of the attraction. Gel networks at different regions of such a state diagram are qualitatively different although structural differences are subtile while dynamical properties are more pronounced.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Commun (Camb)
January 2025
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 215123 Jiangsu, China.
A two-dimensional (2D) amorphous iridium cobalt oxide (Am-IrCoO) was prepared using the molten salt method. The optimal catalyst shows a low overpotential of 230 mV at 10 mA cm in 0.5 M HSO.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Surg Educ
January 2025
Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri.
Objective: Identify changes in general surgery resident autonomy and resident postgraduate year (PGY) level in Entrustable Professional Activity (EPA) cases over time.
Design: Retrospective cohort study.
Setting: United States Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital system, 2004 to 2020.
ACS Nano
January 2025
Soft Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
Nickel-rich NCM cathode materials promise lithium-ion batteries with a high energy density. However, an increased Ni fraction in the cathode leads to complex phase transformations with electrode-electrolyte side reactions, which cause rapid capacity fading. Here, we show that an initial formation cycle at 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLangmuir
January 2025
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Sciences, 2461 Yamazaki Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
The current study deals with a theoretical analysis of diffusiophoresis of a soft particle, consisting of a hydrophobic charged rigid core coated with an ion- and fluid-penetrable charged polymer layer suspending in an electrolyte medium in reaction to an applied concentration gradient. The inner core's hydrophobicity is assumed to be characterized by a surface-charge-dependent slip length parameter. Based on a weak particle charge consideration, the governing equations describing the flow phenomena are solved theoretically to deduce a semianalytic general diffusiophoretic mobility expression applied to an arbitrary Debye layer thickness.
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