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Adipose triglyceride lipase is involved in the mobilization of triglyceride and retinoid stores of hepatic stellate cells. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are important for storing triglycerides and retinyl esters, which can be broken down when the body is low on retinoids or under certain stress conditions.
  • The study specifically explores how adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) contributes to the breakdown of retinyl esters in HSCs and compares its role to that of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), known for working with retinyl esters in adipose tissue.
  • Findings indicate that ATGL is crucial for degrading retinyl esters in HSCs, while HSL primarily functions in adipose tissue, showing that different lipases have specialized roles in fat metabolism across tissues.

Article Abstract

Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) store triglycerides (TGs) and retinyl ester (RE) in cytosolic lipid droplets. RE stores are degraded following retinoid starvation or in response to pathogenic stimuli resulting in HSC activation. At present, the major enzymes catalyzing lipid degradation in HSCs are unknown. In this study, we investigated whether adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is involved in RE catabolism of HSCs. Additionally, we compared the effects of ATGL deficiency and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) deficiency, a known RE hydrolase (REH), on RE stores in liver and adipose tissue. We show that ATGL degrades RE even in the presence of TGs, implicating that these substrates compete for ATGL binding. REH activity was stimulated and inhibited by comparative gene identification-58 and G0/G1 switch gene-2, respectively, the physiological regulators of ATGL activity. In cultured primary murine HSCs, pharmacological inhibition of ATGL, but not HSL, increased RE accumulation. In mice globally lacking ATGL or HSL, RE contents in white adipose tissue were decreased or increased, respectively, while plasma retinol and liver RE levels remained unchanged. In conclusion, our study shows that ATGL acts as REH in HSCs promoting the degradation of RE stores in addition to its established function as TG lipase. HSL is the predominant REH in adipocytes but does not affect lipid mobilization in HSCs.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4408194PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.02.017DOI Listing

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