Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain was applied for preclinical evaluation of the efficiency of Divaza preparation intended for the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders. Psychological testing (Stroop task) in the magnetic field of fMRI was performed before and after 12-week treatment course using a double blind placebo-controlled protocol. It was shown that standard psychological and neuropsychological protocols do not allow fully estimate the results of treatment, whereas fMRI targeted the pool of cerebral structures activated during task solution. In the treatment group (in contrast to placebo), active zones in these structures were found only during task solution. Thus, resolution capability of fMRI significantly extends the range of rational screening by identifying active zones and can radically change the procedure of selection and clinical trials.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10517-015-2783-2 | DOI Listing |
Cureus
December 2024
Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, GBR.
Surgeon fatigue significantly affects cognitive and motor functions, increasing the risk of errors and adverse patient outcomes. Traditional fatigue management methods, such as structured breaks and duty-hour limits, are insufficient for real-time fatigue detection in high-stakes surgeries. With advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), there is growing potential for AI-driven technologies to address this issue through continuous monitoring and adaptive interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Surgical practices in low-resource countries often fail to meet established standards. Both doctors and medical students have limited exposure to surgical cases, which hinders training and the development of surgical specialization. This study highlights the current state of surgical practice from a trainee's perspective, explores existing gaps in training and capacity building, and recommends practical solutions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComput Med Imaging Graph
January 2025
The SMART (Smart Medicine and AI-based Radiology Technology) Lab, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:
Parkinson disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, and its accurate diagnosis is crucial for timely intervention. We propose the PArkinson disease Denoising and Segmentation Network (PADS-Net), to simultaneously denoise and segment transcranial ultrasound images of midbrain for accurate PD diagnosis. The PADS-Net is built upon generative adversarial networks and incorporates a multi-task deep learning framework aimed at optimizing the tasks of denoising and segmentation for ultrasound images.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Center for Cognitive Science, Institute for Convergence Science and Technology (ICST), Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
The brain can remarkably adapt its decision-making process to suit the dynamic environment and diverse aims and demands. The brain's flexibility can be classified into three categories: flexibility in choosing solutions, decision policies, and actions. We employ two experiments to explore flexibility in decision policy: a visual object categorization task and an auditory object categorization task.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open
December 2024
Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research including UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Introduction: Scaling up evidence-based practices (EBPs) in family planning (FP), as recommended by the WHO, has increasingly been accepted by global health actors as core to their mission, goals and activities. National policies, strategies, guidance, training materials, political commitment and donor support exist in many countries to adopt and scale up a range of EBPs, including postpregnancy FP, task sharing for FP and the promotion of social and behaviour change (SBC) for FP. While there has been some success in implementing these practices, coverage remains inadequate in many countries.
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