Samples of low-molecular weight chitosan with molecular masses of 8-24 kDa, identical deacetylation degrees (85%), and polydispersity indexes soluble at pH 5-7 were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis using an enzyme complex from the micelial fungi Myceliophthora fergusii with yields of 50-80%. The optimal conditions for hydrolysis were found (pH 5.6, 37 degrees C, an enzyme/substrate ratio 1/800, 15-60 min). The obtainment of chitosan sample sets with different characteristics will enable the selection of the most efficient ones for comparison in in vitro/in vivo experiments.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Medical Neuroscience, SUSTech Center for Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of K/Cl cotransporter 2 (KCC2) in the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) has been demonstrated to serve as a common mechanism by which the brain emerges from anesthesia and regains consciousness. Ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of KCC2 during anesthesia is driven by E3 ligase Fbxl4. However, the mechanism by which ubiquitinated KCC2 is targeted to the proteasome has not been elucidated.
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January 2025
Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
The proteasome degrades most superfluous and damaged proteins, and its decline is associated with many diseases. As the proteolytic unit, the 20 proteasome is assembled from 28 subunits assisted by chaperones PAC1/2/3/4 and POMP; then, it undergoes the maturation process, in which the proteolytic sites are activated and the assembly chaperones are cleared. However, mechanisms governing the maturation remain elusive.
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January 2025
Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Measuring virus in biofluids is complicated by confounding biomolecules coisolated with viral nucleic acids. To address this, we developed an affinity-based microfluidic device for specific capture of intact severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our approach used an engineered angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 to capture intact virus from plasma and other complex biofluids.
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January 2025
Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 4-like 2 (NDUFA4L2) protein is located in the mitochondria and can regulate cell proliferation. Some studies have shown that the high NDUFA4L2 expression is linked with poor prognosis and cancer progression in various patients with cancers. However, the correlation between NDUFA4L2 and pan-cancer is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
December 2024
Curtin University, Curtin Medical Research Institute (Bentley, WA, AUSTRALIA).
Physical activity improves myocardial structure, function and resilience via complex, incompletely defined mechanisms. We explored effects of 1-2 wks swim training on cardiac and systemic phenotype in young male C57Bl/6 mice. Two wks forced swimming (90 min twice daily) resulted in cardiac hypertrophy (22% increase in heart:body weight, P<0.
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