Many cell types, including neurons, are known to release small membranous vesicles known as exosomes. In addition to their protein content these vesicles have recently been shown to contain messenger RNA (mRNA) and micro RNA (miRNA) species. Roles for these vesicles include cell-cell signalling, removal of unwanted proteins, and transfer of pathogens (including prion-like misfolded proteins) between cells, such as infectious prions. Prions are the infectious particles that are responsible for transmissible neurodegenerative diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) of humans or bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) of cattle. Exosomes are also involved in processing the amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). As exosomes can be isolated from circulating fluids such as serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), they provide a potential source of biomarkers for neurological conditions. Here, we review the roles these vesicles play in neurodegenerative disease and highlight their potential in diagnosing these disorders through analysis of their RNA content.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.02.007 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Engineered initiator tRNAs can effectively start translation at non-AUG start codons and diversify N-terminal amino acids for mRNA Display.
Nucleic Acids Res
January 2025
Department of Peptide Therapeutics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
mRNA display is an effective tool to identify high-affinity macrocyclic binders for challenging protein targets. The success of an mRNA display selection is dependent on generating highly diverse libraries with trillions of peptides. While translation elongation can canonically accommodate the 61 proteinogenic triplet codons, translation initiation is restricted to the native start codon AUG.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCase report: Atypical young case of MV1 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with unusually long survival.
Front Cell Neurosci
January 2025
Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, fatal, rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting from an accumulation of misfolded prion proteins (PrP). CJD affects 1-2 new individuals per million each year, and the sporadic type accounts for 90% of those cases. Though the median age at onset and disease duration vary depending on the subtype of sporadic CJD (sCJD), the disease typically affects middle-aged to elderly individuals with a median survival of 4-6 months.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecular rotor-based fluorophores (RBFs) that are target-selective and sensitive to both polarity and viscosity are valuable for diverse biological applications. Here, we have designed next-generation RBFs based on the underexplored bimane fluorophore through either changing in aryl substitution or varying π-linkages between the rotatable electron donors and acceptors to produce red-shifted fluorescence emissions with large Stokes shifts. RBFs exhibit a twisted intramolecular charge transfer mechanism that enables control of polarity and viscosity sensitivity, as well as target selectivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKIF9 Ameliorates Neuropathology and Cognitive Dysfunction by Promoting Macroautophagy in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease.
Aging Cell
January 2025
Growth, Development, and Mental Health of Children and Adolescence Center, Pediatric Research Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly. The imbalance of protein production and degradation processes leads to the accumulation of misfolded and abnormally aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the extracellular space and forms senile plaques, which constitute one of the most critical pathological hallmarks of AD. KIF9, a member of the kinesin protein superfamily, mediates the anterograde transport of intracellular cargo along microtubules.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunctional variants in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene are associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer.
Hum Mol Genet
January 2025
Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
Background: Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF; a recessive disorder) have an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Evidence suggests individuals with a single CFTR variant may also have increased CRC risk.
Methods: Using population-based studies (GECCO, CORECT, CCFR, and ARIC; 53 785 CRC cases and 58 010 controls), we tested for an association between the most common CFTR variant (Phe508del) and CRC risk.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!