A facile one-step approach is developed to synthesize highly stable (up to 6months) gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using Clavam, pharmaceutical form of amoxicillin which contains a mixture of amoxicillin and potassium salt of clavulanic acid, at room temperature (25-30°C). The clavam stabilized GNPs are characterized using various techniques including UV-Visible, FT-IR spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tunable release of clavam from clavam stabilized GNPs is demonstrated using intracellular concentrations of glutathione (GSH). The process is monitored using an UV-Vis spectroscopy and the amount of clavam released in terms of amoxicillin concentration is quantitatively estimated using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) technique. In vitro study reveals that the clavam released from GNPs' surface was found to show a significant enhancement in antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and the cause of enhancement is addressed.
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Tunable release of clavam from clavam stabilized gold nanoparticles--design, characterization and antimicrobial study.
Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl
April 2015
Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu 630006, India. Electronic address:
A facile one-step approach is developed to synthesize highly stable (up to 6months) gold nanoparticles (GNPs) using Clavam, pharmaceutical form of amoxicillin which contains a mixture of amoxicillin and potassium salt of clavulanic acid, at room temperature (25-30°C). The clavam stabilized GNPs are characterized using various techniques including UV-Visible, FT-IR spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tunable release of clavam from clavam stabilized GNPs is demonstrated using intracellular concentrations of glutathione (GSH).
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Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
beta-Lactam synthetase (beta-LS) is the paradigm of a growing class of enzymes that form the critical beta-lactam ring in the clavam and carbapenem antibiotics. beta-LS catalyzes a two-stage reaction in which N(2)-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine is first adenylated, and then undergoes intramolecular ring closure. It was previously shown that the forward kinetic commitment to beta-lactam formation is high, and that the overall rate of reaction is partially limited to a protein conformational change rather than to the chemical step alone of closing the strained ring.
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