Vitamin D deficiency and risk of postpartum tuberculosis among HIV-infected breastfeeding mothers in India.

Some studies have associated low vitamin D levels with the risk of tuberculosis (TB), but its association in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected mothers in a TB-endemic region has not been well studied. We conducted a nested 1:2 case-control study among HIV-infected mothers in western India to evaluate the association between maternal vitamin D levels and the risk of postpartum TB. Vitamin D insufficiency, moderate deficiency and severe deficiency were observed in a high proportion of HIV-infected mothers, but were not associated with the risk of postpartum TB.