Unlabelled: The emergence of hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection in the era of widespread HBV vaccination has not been described before. We aimed to investigate the changing epidemiology of HDV infection among high- and low-risk populations after an outbreak of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among injection drug users (IDUs) in Taiwan. A prospective, multicenter, cohort study of 2,562 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive individuals was conducted to determine the prevalence, genotype, and risk factors of HDV infection from 2001 through 2012. The prevalence rates of HDV infection were 74.9%, 43.9%, 11.4%, 11.1%, and 4.4% among HIV-infected IDUs, HIV-uninfected IDUs, HIV-infected men who have sex with men, HIV-infected heterosexuals, and the general population of HBsAg-positive subjects, respectively. A significant increase in the trend of HDV prevalence from 38.5% to 89.8% was observed in HIV-infected IDUs (odds ratio = 3.06; 95% confidence interval: 1.68-5.56; P = 0.0002). In multivariate analysis, injection drug use, hepatitis C virus infection, HIV infection, serum HBsAg level ≧250 IU/mL, duration of drug use, and older age were significant factors associated with HDV infection. HDV genotype IV (72.2%) was the prevalent genotype circulating among IDUs, whereas genotype II was predominant in the non-IDU populations (73.3%). In the HIV cohort born after 1987 who were HBsAg negative, over half (52.9%) had antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen antibody levels of <10 mIU/mL and there was a significantly higher HBsAg seroprevalence in the HIV cohort, compared to the control group (8.1% vs. 0.0%; P = 0.02).
Conclusion: In the era of HBV vaccination, IDUs and HIV-infected individuals have emerged as high-risk groups and a reservoir for HDV infection. Effective strategies are needed to curb the reemerging epidemic of HDV infection in these high-risk groups.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.27742 | DOI Listing |
Clin Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
Background: Tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves survival in HBV-coinfected people with HIV (PWH). We investigated the incidence of HDV infection and its clinical impact in HBV-coinfected PWH in the era of tenofovir-containing ART.
Methods: Between 2011 and 2022, HBV-coinfected PWH were included and followed until December 2023.
J Viral Hepat
January 2025
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Koç University Medical School, Istanbul, Turkey.
In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), older age and co-morbidities are associated with mortality. Among liver disease aetiologies alcoholic liver disease was associated with mortality. Chronic hepatitis delta (CHD) had not been studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntiviral Res
December 2024
Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Bochum, Germany. Electronic address:
Infection with one or several of the five known hepatitis viruses is a leading cause of liver disease and poses a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma upon chronic infection. Chronicity is primarily caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and poses a significant health burden worldwide. Co-infection of chronic HBV infected patients with hepatitis D virus (HDV) is less common but is marked as the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Public Health Surveill
December 2024
LaoLuxLab/Vaccine Preventable Diseases Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Samsenthai Rd, P.O. Box 3560, Ban Kao-gnot, Vientiane, 01000, Lao People's Democratic Republic, 856 21 285 321.
Background: Despite the high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adults in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Lao health care workers (HCWs) have previously been shown to have low levels of protection against infection. Furthermore, the prevalence of hepatitis D virus (HDV), which increases disease severity in individuals infected with HBV, is not known in Lao PDR.
Objective: This study aimed to estimate the exposure and seroprotection against HBV, as well as exposure to HDV, in Lao HCWs from 5 provinces.
Infect Dis (Lond)
December 2024
Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection has an aggressive disease course and is the most difficult to treat of the human hepatitis viruses. In Denmark, as in many countries, the national prevalence of HDV has not been established. Based on diagnoses and laboratory test results in national healthcare registries, we estimated that the prevalence of current HDV infection amongst patients with chronic hepatitis B was 3.
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