Occupational exposure poses a significant risk of transmission of blood-borne pathogens to healthcare workers (HCWs). Adherence to standard precautions, awareness about post exposure prophylaxis is poor in developing countries. This retrospective study analyzes the self-reported cases of occupational exposure in a tertiary care hospital. During the study period, 105 HCWs sustained occupational exposure to blood and body fluids. Majority of the victims 36 (34.2%) were interns and the clinical practice that led to the occupational exposure was withdrawal of blood (45.7%). Good infection control practices and emphasis on appropriate disposal are needed to increase the occupational safety for HCWs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0377-4929.151191 | DOI Listing |
Background: There is growing interest in the role of environmental factors (i.e., exposome) in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHealth Phys
January 2025
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
The objective of this paper is to construct a follow-up cohort of medical x-ray workers and analyze the risk estimates of radiation-induced carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic diseases induced by chronic low-dose ionizing radiation exposure in the follow-up cohort. A fixed cohort study was used. A total of 159 medical x-ray workers working in radiology departments of hospitals in Gansu Province from 1950 to 1980 were selected as the radiology group, and 149 medical workers in internal medicine, surgery, and other departments who had not engaged in radiology work at the same hospital were selected as the control group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrit Rev Toxicol
January 2025
Syngenta, Bracknell, United Kingdom.
While progress has been made in recent years, there are still no suitable and accepted , or models that can be used to accurately predict whether a chemical substance has the intrinsic property to cause immune-mediated chemical respiratory allergy, typically manifested as allergic asthma or allergic rhinitis which represents a severe health hazard. Regulatory authorities have relied primarily on clinical evidence (case reports, clinical databases, worker exposure studies) to classify substances as respiratory sensitizers, but this evidence can lack a proven immunological mechanism which is necessary to identify substances which can cause life-long sensitization and clinically relevant allergic symptoms in the respiratory tract in an exposed population (such respiratory allergens may be considered as "true" sensitizers, in analogy to the definition of skin sensitization, and in contrast to respiratory irritants). In light of this, the European Center for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals convened a Task Force to evaluate the types of clinical methods and data sources and the implications of relying on such data for regulatory decision making from a scientific perspective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Environ Health Res
January 2025
Professor of Occupational Health Engineering, Department of Occupational Health, Environmental Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
The objective of this study was to estimate the health effects attributed to PM exposure in southwest of Iran. In order to estimate HA-CVD, HA-RD, LC-M, I-As in children, RAD, and WDL, the exposure-response function method was used. The annual mean of PM regularly exceeded 5.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
Background: Exposures to environmental toxicants and pollutants occur at various points along the life course, with mounting evidence that late-life pollution exposure increases risk for neurological disease, including dementia. Although occupational hazards constitute a primary source of modifiable environmental exposure during the working years, there is little research examining the protracted effects of mid-life occupational exposure on late-life dementia risk.
Method: This study leveraged life course data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) to evaluate the effects of mid-life occupational hazardous exposures on late-life dementia outcomes.
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