β-CD maleate (CDM) and β-CD itaconate (CDI) were prepared by esterification of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with maleic acid and itaconic acid using phosphate as a catalyst in a semi-dry process. The esterification of β-CD was carried out using [Itaconic acid ] or [Maleic acid ] 4 mol/mol of CD; M/L ratio 1:0.6; temperature 110 °C; [4-methoxyphenol] 2.5% amount of acid; reaction time 3.5h. The esterification rates of CDM and CDI are 70.38% and 21.02%, respectively. We found that CDM and CDI were both monoesters. Here, we also established a new evaluation method for the rate of esterification.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2014.11.012 | DOI Listing |
Objective: To evaluate COVID-19 infection and mortality disparities in ethnic and racial subgroups in a state-wise manner across the USA.
Methods: Publicly available data from The COVID Tracking Project at The Atlantic were accessed between 9 September 2020 and 14 September 2020. For each state and the District of Columbia, % infection, % death, and % population proportion for subgroups of race (African American/black (AA/black), Asian, American Indian or Alaska Native (AI/AN), and white) and ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino, non-Hispanic) were recorded.
Front Psychol
February 2021
School of Computer and Information Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
One purpose of cognitive diagnostic model (CDM) is designed to make inferences about unobserved latent classes based on observed item responses. A heuristic for test construction based on the CDM information index (CDI) proposed by Henson and Douglas (2005) has a far-reaching impact, but there are still many shortcomings. He and other researchers had also proposed new methods to improve or overcome the inherent shortcomings of the CDI test assembly method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCognitive diagnostic computerized adaptive testing (CD-CAT) purports to obtain useful diagnostic information with great efficiency brought by CAT technology. Most of the existing CD-CAT item selection algorithms are evaluated when test length is fixed and relatively long, but some applications of CD-CAT, such as in interim assessment, require to obtain the cognitive pattern with a short test. The mutual information (MI) algorithm proposed by Wang is the first endeavor to accommodate this need.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarbohydr Res
March 2015
The Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China; Key Opening Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China.
β-CD maleate (CDM) and β-CD itaconate (CDI) were prepared by esterification of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with maleic acid and itaconic acid using phosphate as a catalyst in a semi-dry process. The esterification of β-CD was carried out using [Itaconic acid ] or [Maleic acid ] 4 mol/mol of CD; M/L ratio 1:0.6; temperature 110 °C; [4-methoxyphenol] 2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!