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Global, regional, and national burdens of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents from 1990 to 2021, with forecasts to 2030: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.
BMC Med
January 2025
Department of Health Economics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Background: Adolescent diabetes is one of the major public health problems worldwide. This study aims to estimate the burden of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adolescents from 1990 to 2021, and to predict diabetes prevalence through 2030.
Methods: We extracted epidemiologic data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) on T1DM and T2DM among adolescents aged 10-24 years in 204 countries and territories worldwide.
Evaluating the impact of minimum unit alcohol pricing on purchasing behaviour by different social class and age groups in Wales: A controlled interrupted time series study.
Public Health
January 2025
Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, UK. Electronic address:
Objectives: Alcohol consumption and its associated harms pose a significant challenge to public health in the UK. To address this issue, Wales implemented a Minimum Unit Price policy (MUP) in February 2020, setting a minimum price of 50p per UK unit of alcohol (10 ml/8 g). In this study we evaluate the policy's impact on alcohol sales metrics to gauge its effectiveness in improving public health outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImpact of antibiotic prophylaxis on gut microbiota in colorectal surgery: insights from an Eastern European stewardship study.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol
January 2025
Second Surgical Oncology Department, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iasi, Romania.
Introduction: Antibiotic overuse is driving a global rise in antibiotic resistance, highlighting the need for robust antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives to improve prescription practices. While antimicrobials are essential for treating sepsis and preventing surgical site infections (SSIs), they can inadvertently disrupt the gut microbiota, leading to postoperative complications. Treatment methods vary widely across nations due to differences in drug choice, dosage, and therapy duration, affecting antibiotic resistance rates, which can reach up to 51% in some countries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArtificial intelligence-enabled obesity prediction: A systematic review of cohort data analysis.
Int J Med Inform
January 2025
Background: Obesity, now the fifth leading global cause of death, has seen a dramatic rise in prevalence over the last forty years. It significantly increases the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Early identification of obesity risk allows for preventative actions against obesity-related factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study investigates the effects of varying exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) rates and temperatures on the combustion and emissions characteristics of a compression ignition engine fueled with hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). Understanding these effects is essential for optimizing renewable fuel applications in compression ignition engines, contributing to cleaner combustion, and supporting sustainable transportation initiatives. The experiments revealed that increasing the EGR rate to 20% not only reduces NOx emissions by approximately 25% but also increases smoke by around 15%, highlighting a trade-off between NOx and particulate matter control.
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