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Microglial cell proliferation is regulated, in part, by reactive astrocyte ETB signaling after ischemic stroke.
Exp Neurol
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. Electronic address:
Reciprocal communication between reactive astrocytes and microglial cells provides local, coordinated control over critical processes such as neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, and scar formation after CNS injury, but is poorly understood. The vasoactive peptide hormone endothelin (ET) is released and/or secreted by endothelial cells, microglial cells and astrocytes early after ischemic stroke and other forms of brain injury. To better understand glial cell communication after stroke, we sought to identify paracrine effectors produced and secreted downstream of astroglial endothelin receptor B (ETB) signaling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUpregulated excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) expression in the human medial temporal lobe in Alzheimer's disease.
Neuroscience
December 2024
Centre for Brain Research and Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre, University of Galway, Ireland. Electronic address:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing health problem worldwide, particularly in the developed world due to an ageing population. Glutamate excitotoxicity plays a major role in the pathophysiology of AD, and glutamate re-uptake is controlled by excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). The EAAT2 isoform is the predominant transporter involved in glutamate reuptake, therefore EAAT1 has not been the focus of AD research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA chloro substituted organoselenium mitigates stress-associated memory impairment and hippocampal glutamatergic function in a repeated Forced Swim Stress Model.
Neuroscience
December 2024
Laboratory of Synthesis Reactivity, Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Organochalcogen Compounds, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center of Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS Zip Code:97105-900, Brazil.
Stress is triggered by a threatening event that alters the regulation of emotion, behavior, and cognition. The effects of stress on memory in animal models are well-documented. Firstly, this study aimed to determine whether the repeated forced swim stress (FSS) protocol induces memory impairment comparable to single prolonged stress (SPS) in the Y-maze test.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAstrocytic Gap Junctions protein Cx43/Cx30 modulate EAAT1 and glutamate to mediate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Brain Res
January 2025
Neurology Department of the Second People's Hospital Lianyungang, PR China. Electronic address:
The gap connexins of astrocytes play a crucial role in facilitating neuronal coordination and maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system. Cx30/Cx43 are the main proteins constituting these gap junctions, and the glutamate transporter EAAT1 associates with nerve injury. However, the role and mechanism underlying the changes of astrocytic connexins and EAAT1 during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury remain unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Promising Key Factors Mediating Secondary Neuronal Damage in the Perihematomal Region of Intracerebellar Hemorrhage of Mice.
J Physiol Investig
November 2024
Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
The underlying mechanisms of secondary neuronal damage following intracerebellar hemorrhage (ICbH) have not yet been clearly understood. Our previous study reported apoptotic neuronal damage in the perihematomal region (PH) in mice. However, the possible key factors causing secondary neuronal damage in ICbH are not yet known.
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