Department of Immunobiology of Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.
Published: December 2015
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Infectious urolithiasis is a result of recurrent and chronic urinary tract infections caused by urease-positive bacteria, especially Proteus mirabilis. The main role in the development of this kind of stones is played by bacterial factors such as urease and extracellular polysaccharides, but urinary tract environment also contributes to this process. We used an in vitro model to establish how the changes in the basic minerals concentrations affect the intensity of crystallization which occurs in urine. In each experiment crystallization was induced by an addition of P. mirabilis to artificial urine with a precisely defined chemical composition. Crystallization intensity was determined using the spectrophotometric microdilution method and the chemical composition of formed crystals was established by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods. Increasing the concentration of all crystals forming ions such as Mg(2+), Ca(2+) and phosphate strongly intensified the process of crystallization, whereas reducing the amount of these components below the proper physiological concentration did not affect its intensity. The inhibitory influence of citrate on calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization and competitive actions of calcium and oxalate ions on struvite crystals formation were not confirmed. In the case of infectious stones the chemical composition of urine plays an important role, which creates a necessity to support the treatment by developing a model of proper diet.
Ruthenium dioxide (RuO) is one of the promising catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, designing RuO catalysts with good activity and stability remains a significant challenge. In this work, we propose the manganese (Mn)-doped RuO assembly as a catalyst for the OER with improved activity and stability.
Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Laboratory of Catalysis Chemistry and Nanoscience, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
Chlorinated and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs and OVOCs) pose a significant threat to human health. Catalytic oxidation effectively removes these pollutants, but catalyst deactivation is a challenge. Our study focused on the hydrolysis oxidation of chlorobenzene (CB) and ethyl acetate (EA) over Ru/MO/HZSM-5 (M = W, Mo).
UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.
Tudor domains are histone readers that can recognize various methylation marks on lysine and arginine. This recognition event plays a key role in the recruitment of other epigenetic effectors and the control of gene accessibility. The Tudor-containing protein family contains 42 members, many of which are involved in the development and progression of various diseases, especially cancer.
AbstractChanging climates are driving population declines in diverse animals worldwide. Winter conditions may play an important role in these declines but are often overlooked. Animals must not only survive winter but also preserve body condition, a key determinant of growing season success.
Autophagy is an essential cellular recycling process that maintains protein and organelle homeostasis. ATG9A vesicle recruitment is a critical early step in autophagy to initiate autophagosome biogenesis. The mechanisms of ATG9A vesicle recruitment are best understood in the context of starvation-induced non-selective autophagy, whereas less is known about the signals driving ATG9A vesicle recruitment to autophagy initiation sites in the absence of nutrient stress.
