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-Functionalization of Pillar[4]arene[1]benzoquinone Monoxime via Selective 1,4-Addition of Grignard Reagents.
Org Lett
January 2025
School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China.
-functionalization of pillar[]arenes has been a formidable challenge, partially due to the fragility of their macrocyclic skeletons. In this concise report, we describe a facile synthetic method for monoarylation/alkylation at the position to the oxime functionality in pillar[4]arene[1]benzoquinone monoxime () via addition of Grignard reagents. The described method enables the creation of various mono--alkyl/aryl-substituted pillar[5]arene derivatives that were previously inaccessible.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe cardiac response of the goldfish Carassius auratus to environmental hypoxia: from hemodynamics to mitochondria.
Fish Physiol Biochem
January 2025
Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
Under low O, the heart of Carassius auratus (goldfish) shows an enhanced hemodynamics. This is observed in ex vivo cardiac preparations from animals acclimated to both normoxia and short-term (4 days) moderate hypoxia and perfused for 90 min with a hypoxic medium. Under short-term hypoxia, this is associated with a higher ventricular muscularity and an expanded mitochondrial compartment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanistic Insights into Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Bridging Theory and Practice in Drug Delivery.
Pharm Res
January 2025
Solid State Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India.
Improving the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs presents a significant challenge in pharmaceutical development. Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have garnered substantial attention for their capability to augment the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs, thereby markedly enhancing their bioavailability. ASDs, characterized by a metastable equilibrium where the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is molecularly dispersed, offer enhanced absorption compared to crystalline forms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Novel Peptide Mapping Method Utilizing Cysteine as a Reducing Agent.
Pharm Res
January 2025
Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Purposes: In the peptide mapping reduction process for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other proteins, the conventional reducing reagents β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) and dithiothreitol (DTT) pose challenges due to their strong odor and toxicity at high concentrations. Cysteine (Cys), an essential amino acid for new protein synthesis, is an overlooked, nontoxic, and odorless reducing agent. This study presents a novel peptide mapping method using Cys as the reducing agent.
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