A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

The fragile Fiber1 kinesin contributes to cortical microtubule-mediated trafficking of cell wall components. | LitMetric

The fragile Fiber1 kinesin contributes to cortical microtubule-mediated trafficking of cell wall components.

Plant Physiol

Biology Department (C.Z., A.G., R.D.) andDepartment of Mechanical Engineering (R.O.), Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130;Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 (T.I.B.);Department of Biology and Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (D.D.M., C.T.A.);Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, East Lansing, Michigan 48823 (C.F., K.A.M.); andDonald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (H.B.)

Published: March 2015

AI Article Synopsis

  • The cell wall is primarily made up of cellulose microfibrils within a matrix of hemicellulose and pectin, with cellulose being synthesized at the plasma membrane and polysaccharides in the Golgi apparatus.
  • The study highlights the role of microtubules and the kinesin-4 family protein Fragile Fiber1 (FRA1) in the transportation of cell wall components, particularly in a fra1-5 mutant that has reduced stem expansion and altered vesicle structure.
  • Although FRA1 does not directly affect cellulose synthesis, it is suggested to play a crucial role in cell wall production by facilitating the movement of vesicles containing cell wall materials from the Golgi to their secretion sites.

Article Abstract

The cell wall consists of cellulose microfibrils embedded within a matrix of hemicellulose and pectin. Cellulose microfibrils are synthesized at the plasma membrane, whereas matrix polysaccharides are synthesized in the Golgi apparatus and secreted. The trafficking of vesicles containing cell wall components is thought to depend on actin-myosin. Here, we implicate microtubules in this process through studies of the kinesin-4 family member, Fragile Fiber1 (FRA1). In an fra1-5 knockout mutant, the expansion rate of the inflorescence stem is halved compared with the wild type along with the thickness of both primary and secondary cell walls. Nevertheless, cell walls in fra1-5 have an essentially unaltered composition and ultrastructure. A functional triple green fluorescent protein-tagged FRA1 fusion protein moves processively along cortical microtubules, and its abundance and motile density correlate with growth rate. Motility of FRA1 and cellulose synthase complexes is independent, indicating that FRA1 is not directly involved in cellulose biosynthesis; however, the secretion rate of fucose-alkyne-labeled pectin is greatly decreased in fra1-5, and the mutant has Golgi bodies with fewer cisternae and enlarged vesicles. Based on our results, we propose that FRA1 contributes to cell wall production by transporting Golgi-derived vesicles along cortical microtubules for secretion.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4348757PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.114.251462DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

cell wall
16
fragile fiber1
8
wall components
8
cellulose microfibrils
8
cell walls
8
cortical microtubules
8
cell
6
fra1
5
fiber1 kinesin
4
kinesin contributes
4

Similar Publications

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: fwrite(): Write of 34 bytes failed with errno=28 No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 272

Backtrace:

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_write_close(): Failed to write session data using user defined save handler. (session.save_path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Unknown

Line Number: 0

Backtrace: