AI Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to assess the levels of different types of social support (emotional, informational, instrumental, and appraisal) among primary care patients in Poland and their relationships with health status and demographics.
- Various standardized questionnaires were used to analyze data from 516 patients, revealing that instrumental support was the most common type received, while emotional support was the least.
- Findings indicated a significant correlation between social support levels and gender, with women reporting lower total, instrumental, and appraisal support; it also showed that higher health complications were linked to an increased need for emotional and informational support.
Article Abstract
Aim: The purposes of our study were to determine the level of total social support, informational support, instrumental support, appraisal support and emotional support received by patients of primary care as well as factors related to this level with reference to health status and sociodemographic variables.
Method: The sample for current analysis included 516 patients of primary care clinics in Poland cooperating with medical universities. Questionnaires: STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), SCL-90 (Symptom Checklist-90), EPQ-R (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised), GHQ (General Health Questionnaire)and SSS (Social Support Scale)were used in the study. Results from last two questionnaires are presented in the paper.
Results: The highest mean levels were obtained for instrumental support, while the lowest levels were observed for emotional support. The highest means were indicated in the GHQ-28-social dysfunction, the lowest-GHQ-severe depression. Statistically significant relation was found between the level of social support and gender. Less subjectively evaluated total social support as well as instrumental and appraisal support were obtained by women. The highest Spearman score was found in the case of total GHQ-28 score, somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, severe depression and total support. Taking into account the ANOVA findings, it was observed that an increasing GHQ score was associated with intensively increasing emotional support, informative support, appraisal support and the most- instrumental support.
Conclusion: The results display the underestimated role of emotional, informational and appraisal support and the overestimated role of instrumental support in primary care. The consequence may be a more frequent using health care accompanied by low level of patients' satisfaction, severity of social dysfunction disorders, particularly in patients with chronic diseases, who constitute an increasingly large group of primary health care.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.12740/pp/22144 | DOI Listing |
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