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Unmasking Language Lateralization in Human Brain Intrinsic Activity. | LitMetric

Unmasking Language Lateralization in Human Brain Intrinsic Activity.

Cereb Cortex

Department of Radiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA Department of Neurology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Published: April 2016

AI Article Synopsis

  • Lateralization of brain function means that certain cognitive processes, like language, are specialized in one hemisphere, notably the left side for language tasks.
  • The study found that analyzing the global signal in resting-state fMRI (which is often overlooked) reveals significant asymmetries, with a leftward bias linked to areas involved in semantic processing and a rightward bias associated with attention.
  • The researchers validated their findings by having right-handed participants perform tasks related to semantic processing, establishing a new method for studying brain lateralization through resting-state functional imaging.

Article Abstract

Lateralization of function is a fundamental feature of the human brain as exemplified by the left hemisphere dominance of language. Despite the prominence of lateralization in the lesion, split-brain and task-based fMRI literature, surprisingly little asymmetry has been revealed in the increasingly popular functional imaging studies of spontaneous fluctuations in the fMRI BOLD signal (so-called resting-state fMRI). Here, we show the global signal, an often discarded component of the BOLD signal in resting-state studies, reveals a leftward asymmetry that maps onto regions preferential for semantic processing in left frontal and temporal cortex and the right cerebellum and a rightward asymmetry that maps onto putative attention-related regions in right frontal, temporoparietal, and parietal cortex. Hemispheric asymmetries in the global signal resulted from amplitude modulation of the spontaneous fluctuations. To confirm these findings obtained from normal, healthy, right-handed subjects in the resting-state, we had them perform 2 semantic processing tasks: synonym and numerical magnitude judgment and sentence comprehension. In addition to establishing a new technique for studying lateralization through functional imaging of the resting-state, our findings shed new light on the physiology of the global brain signal.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4785953PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhv007DOI Listing

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