Over the last 10 years, significant progress has been made in understanding the genetics, enzymology and structural components of the wybutosine (yW) biosynthetic pathway. These studies have played a key role in expanding our understanding of yW biosynthesis and have revealed unexpected evolutionary ties, which are presently being unraveled. The enzymes catalyzing the 5 steps of this pathway, from genetically encoded guanosine to wybutosine base, provide an ensemble of amazing reaction mechanisms that are to be discussed in this review article.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/15476286.2014.992271 | DOI Listing |
RNA
November 2024
Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
Uridine residues present at the wobble position of eukaryotic cytosolic tRNAs often carry a 5-carbamoylmethyl (ncm), 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl (mcm), or 5-methoxycarbonylhydroxymethyl (mchm) side-chain. The presence of these side-chains allows proper pairing with cognate codons, and they are particularly important in tRNA species where the U residue is also modified with a 2-thio (s) group. The first step in the synthesis of the ncm, mcm, and mchm side-chains is dependent on the six-subunit Elongator complex, whereas the thiolation of the 2-position is catalyzed by the Ncs6/Ncs2 complex.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
May 2023
Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
tRNAs are highly mobile molecules that are trafficked back and forth between the nucleus and cytoplasm by several proteins. However, characterization of the movement of tRNAs and the proteins mediating these movements can be difficult. Here, we describe an easy and cost-effective assay to discover genes that are involved in two specific tRNA trafficking events, retrograde nuclear import and nuclear re-export for yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
December 2021
Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U1258, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, Strasbourg, France.
Translation of the genetic code into proteins is realized through repetitions of synchronous translocation of messenger RNA (mRNA) and transfer RNAs (tRNA) through the ribosome. In eukaryotes translocation is ensured by elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which catalyses the process and actively contributes to its accuracy. Although numerous studies point to critical roles for both the conserved eukaryotic posttranslational modification diphthamide in eEF2 and tRNA modifications in supporting the accuracy of translocation, detailed molecular mechanisms describing their specific functions are poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
October 2021
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel;
The tRNA pool determines the efficiency, throughput, and accuracy of translation. Previous studies have identified dynamic changes in the tRNA (transfer RNA) supply and mRNA (messenger RNA) demand during cancerous proliferation. Yet dynamic changes may also occur during physiologically normal proliferation, and these are less well characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNucleic Acids Res
January 2021
State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
Acquired drug resistance is a major obstacle in cancer therapy. Recent studies revealed that reprogramming of tRNA modifications modulates cancer survival in response to chemotherapy. However, dynamic changes in tRNA modification were not elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!