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Choices of humans and non-human primates are influenced by both actually experienced and fictive outcomes. To test whether this is also the case in rodents, we examined rat's choice behavior in a binary choice task in which variable magnitudes of actual and fictive rewards were delivered. We found that the animal's choice was significantly influenced by the magnitudes of both actual and fictive rewards in the previous trial. A model-based analysis revealed, however, that the effect of fictive reward was more transient and influenced mostly the choice in the next trial, whereas the effect of actual reward was more sustained, consistent with incremental learning of action values. Our results suggest that the capacity to modify future choices based on fictive outcomes might be shared by many different animal species, but fictive outcomes are less effective than actual outcomes in the incremental value learning system.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep08040 | DOI Listing |
J Exp Orthop
January 2025
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shoulder and Elbow Unit OLVG Amsterdam the Netherlands.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of patient-specific factors, including age, lifestyle considerations as well as the extent of injury according to the Rockwood classification (RW), on the surgeon's decision-making in the choice between operative and nonoperative treatment for acute, high-grade acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocations.
Methods: Orthopaedic and trauma surgeons were requested to complete an online questionnaire consisting of closed and open questions regarding the treatment of acute, high-grade AC joint dislocations and 24 fictive clinical scenarios.
Results: A total of 133 answered questionnaires were collected.
Am J Orthopsychiatry
February 2025
Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago.
For youth involved in foster care, maltreatment poses enormous challenges to healthy development. The involvement of kin and fictive kin in children's lives has been shown to be a protective factor following maltreatment and may therefore aid in youth's strength development. The present study investigated the association between kin and fictive kin involvement and longitudinal strengths development among youth in foster care ( = 300).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn
December 2024
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick.
PLoS One
April 2024
Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a rapidly progressing cancer of the blood and bone marrow, is the most common and fatal type of adult leukemia. Therapeutic web portals have great potential to facilitate AML research advances and improve health outcomes by increasing the availability of data, the speed and reach of new knowledge, and the communication between researchers and clinicians in the field. However, there is a need for stakeholder research regarding their optimal features, utility, and implementation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Appl Gerontol
September 2024
College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
There are 200+ tested interventions for care partners (family, friends, and fictive kin) of people living with dementia (PLWD). But these interventions do not systematically cover relevant settings. Nor do these interventions affect all relevant outcomes that matter to people and healthcare systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!