Quantitative mapping of zinc fluxes in the mammalian egg reveals the origin of fertilization-induced zinc sparks.

Nat Chem

1] The Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA [2] Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA [3] Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.

Published: February 2015

Fertilization of a mammalian egg initiates a series of 'zinc sparks' that are necessary to induce the egg-to-embryo transition. Despite the importance of these zinc-efflux events little is known about their origin. To understand the molecular mechanism of the zinc spark we combined four physical approaches that resolve zinc distributions in single cells: a chemical probe for dynamic live-cell fluorescence imaging and a combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence microscopy and three-dimensional elemental tomography for high-resolution elemental mapping. We show that the zinc spark arises from a system of thousands of zinc-loaded vesicles, each of which contains, on average, 10(6) zinc atoms. These vesicles undergo dynamic movement during oocyte maturation and exocytosis at the time of fertilization. The discovery of these vesicles and the demonstration that zinc sparks originate from them provides a quantitative framework for understanding how zinc fluxes regulate cellular processes.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4315321PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2133DOI Listing

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