Factors associated with inconsistency in self-reported mild traumatic brain injury over time among military personnel in Iraq.

Br J Psychiatry

Nathaniel W. Nelson, PhD, Graduate School of Professional Psychology, University of St. Thomas and Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Carolyn R. Anderson, PhD, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Paul Thuras, PhD, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Shannon M. Kehle-Forbes, PhD, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, and Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Paul A. Arbisi, PhD, Christopher R. Erbes, PhD, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Melissa A. Polusny, PhD, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, and Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Published: March 2015

Background: Estimates of the prevalence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) among military personnel and combat veterans rely almost exclusively on retrospective self-reports; however, reliability of these reports has received little attention.

Aims: To examine the consistency of reporting of mTBI over time and identify factors associated with inconsistent reporting.

Method: A longitudinal cohort of 948 US National Guard Soldiers deployed to Iraq completed self-report questionnaire screening for mTBI and psychological symptoms while in-theatre 1 month before returning home (time 1, T1) and 1 year later (time 2, T2).

Results: Most respondents (n = 811, 85.5%) were consistent in their reporting of mTBI across time. Among those who were inconsistent in their reports (n = 137, 14.5%), the majority denied mTBI at T1 and affirmed mTBI at T2 (n = 123, 89.8%). Respondents rarely endorsed mTBI in-theatre and later denied mTBI (n = 14, 10.2% of those with inconsistent reports). Post-deployment post-traumatic stress symptoms and non-specific physical complaints were significantly associated with inconsistent report of mTBI.

Conclusions: Military service members' self-reports of mTBI are generally consistent over time; however, inconsistency in retrospective self-reporting of mTBI status is associated with current post-traumatic stress symptoms and non-specific physical health complaints.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.114.149096DOI Listing

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