Our ability to maintain small amounts of information in mind is critical for successful performance on a wide range of tasks. However, it remains unclear exactly how this maintenance is achieved. One possibility is that it is brought about using mechanisms that overlap with those used for attentional control. That is, the same mechanisms that we use to regulate and optimize our sensory processing may be recruited when we maintain information in visual short-term memory (VSTM). We aimed to test this hypothesis by exploring how distracter filtering is modified by concurrent VSTM load. We presented participants with sequences of target items, the order and location of which had to be maintained in VSTM. We also presented distracter items alongside the targets, and these distracters were graded such that they could be either very similar or dissimilar to the targets. We analyzed scalp potentials using a novel multiple regression approach, which enabled us to explore the neural mechanisms by which the participants accommodated these variable distracters on a trial-to-trial basis. Critically, the effect of distracter filtering interacted with VSTM load; the same graded changes in perceptual similarity exerted effects of a different magnitude depending upon how many items participants were already maintaining in VSTM. These data provide compelling evidence that maintaining information in VSTM recruits an overlapping set of attentional control mechanisms that are otherwise used for distracter filtering.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.01025 | DOI Listing |
Front Sports Act Living
January 2025
Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Mental preparation for sports competition in karate is significant, as it is deeply embedded in the philosophical and ethical values that underpin this combat method. In practice, the mental preparation of karateka varies depending on the type of competition, for example preparation for kata (forms) and kumite (fights). Thus, this perspective offers a concise account of the authors' viewpoint on the leading mental skills required of kata competitors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNavigating visually complex environments requires focusing on relevant information while filtering out (salient) distractions. The signal suppression hypothesis posits that salient stimuli generate an automatic saliency signal that captures attention unless overridden by learned suppression mechanisms. In support of this, ERP studies have demonstrated that salient stimuli that do not capture attention elicit a distractor positivity (PD), a putative neural index of suppression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPeerJ Comput Sci
October 2024
Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States.
Large language models (LLMs) have become transformative tools in areas like text generation, natural language processing, and conversational AI. However, their widespread use introduces security risks, such as jailbreak attacks, which exploit LLM's vulnerabilities to manipulate outputs or extract sensitive information. Malicious actors can use LLMs to spread misinformation, manipulate public opinion, and promote harmful ideologies, raising ethical concerns.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSurgeon
November 2024
Consultant Orthopaedic Trauma and Limb Reconstruction Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedics, James Cook University Hospital, Marton Road, Middlesbrough, TS4 3BW, United Kingdom. Electronic address:
Background: The surgical team should be as harmonious and focussed as possible in the operating theatre. Whilst there is evidence of benefit for the use of music in the perioperative period for patient, little exists to inform of impact on those doing the surgery or anaesthesia. This review focuses on the perspectives of surgeons and anaesthetists, their views and opinions on the effect and impact of music during surgery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
October 2024
Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Filtering efficiency (FE) has been suggested as a task-related process of working memory (WM) in older adults, but the interaction of distractors with WM when implemented as a training to improve WM capacity is unclear. To investigate the effect of manipulations of WM and/or FE load in a multicomponent model-based WM training in improving WM capacity. 205 healthy older adults (129 women; aged 64.
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