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Background: The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, the most destructive pest of rice, is a typical monophagous herbivore that feeds exclusively on rice sap, which migrates over long distances. Outbreaks of it have re-occurred approximately every three years in Asia. It has also been used as a model system for ecological studies and for developing effective pest management. To better understand how a monophagous sap-sucking arthropod herbivore has adapted to its exclusive host selection and to provide insights to improve pest control, we analyzed the genomes of the brown planthopper and its two endosymbionts.
Results: We describe the 1.14 gigabase planthopper draft genome and the genomes of two microbial endosymbionts that permit the planthopper to forage exclusively on rice fields. Only 40.8% of the 27,571 identified Nilaparvata protein coding genes have detectable shared homology with the proteomes of the other 14 arthropods included in this study, reflecting large-scale gene losses including in evolutionarily conserved gene families and biochemical pathways. These unique genomic features are functionally associated with the animal's exclusive plant host selection. Genes missing from the insect in conserved biochemical pathways that are essential for its survival on the nutritionally imbalanced sap diet are present in the genomes of its microbial endosymbionts, which have evolved to complement the mutualistic nutritional needs of the host.
Conclusions: Our study reveals a series of complex adaptations of the brown planthopper involving a variety of biological processes, that result in its highly destructive impact on the exclusive host rice. All these findings highlight potential directions for effective pest control of the planthopper.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0521-0 | DOI Listing |
Int J Biol Macromol
December 2024
School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China. Electronic address:
Insect gustatory receptors play a critical role in modulating feeding behaviors by detecting external nutritional cues through complex biochemical pathways. Bitter taste receptors are essential for insects to identify and avoid toxins. However, the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms by which these receptors influence insect feeding behavior remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsect Biochem Mol Biol
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province/Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China. Electronic address:
The brown planthoppers (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), white backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera) and small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) are widely distributed rice insect pests, causing huge annual yield loss of rice production. Though these three planthoppers belong to the same family, Delphacidae of Hemiptera, their genome sizes (GS) are very different, ranging from 541 to 1088 Mb. To uncover the main factors driving GS changes of three planthoppers, we first estimated the GS of their ancestor Fulgoroidea, to be 794.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Biology and Ecological Regulation of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing systems have revolutionized plant gene functional studies by enabling the targeted introduction of insertion-deletions (INDELs) via the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway. Frameshift-inducing INDELs can introduce a premature termination codon and, in other instances, can lead to the appearance of new proteins. Here, we found that mutations in the rice jasmonate (JA) signaling gene by CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing did not affect canonical JA signaling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement of Anhui Province, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
Rice ( L.) feeds half the world's population and serves as one of the most vital staple food crops globally. The brown planthopper (BPH, Stål), a major piercing-sucking herbivore specific to rice, accounts for large yield losses annually in rice-growing areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsect Biochem Mol Biol
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China. Electronic address:
Nilaparvata lugens, the brown planthopper (BPH), is a notorious pest threatening rice production across Asia. The heavy reliance on synthetic insecticides for control has led to resistance and raised ecological concerns. Substrate-borne vibrational communication, integral to species-specific mate recognition systems in insects, presents a potential avenue for pest management through mating disruption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!