Specific α- l -arabinofuranosidases are involved in the realisation of elongation growth process in cells with type II cell walls. Elongation growth in a plant cell is largely based on modification of the cell wall. In type II cell walls, the Ara/Xyl ratio is known to decrease during elongation due to the partial removal of Ara residues from glucuronoarabinoxylan. We searched within the maize genome for the genes of all predicted α-L-arabinofuranosidases that may be responsible for such a process and related their expression to the activity of the enzyme and the amount of free arabinose measured in six zones of a growing maize root. Eight genes of the GH51 family (ZmaABFs) and one gene of the GH3 family (ZmaARA-I) were identified. The abundance of ZmaABF1 and 3-6 transcripts was highly correlated with the measured enzymatic activity and free arabinose content that significantly increased during elongation. The transcript abundances also coincided with the pattern of changes in the Ara/Xyl ratio of the xylanase-extractable glucuronoarabinoxylan described in previous studies. The expression of ZmaABF3, 5 and 6 was especially up-regulated during elongation although corresponding proteins are devoid of the catalytic glutamate at the proper position. ZmaABF2 transcripts were specifically enriched in the root cap and meristem. A single ZmaARA-I gene was not expressed as a whole gene but instead as splice variants that encode the C-terminal end of the protein. Changes in the ZmaARA-I transcript level were rather moderate and had no significant correlation with free arabinose content. Thus, elongation growth of cells with type II cell walls is accompanied by the up-regulation of specific and predicted α-L-arabinofuranosidase genes, and the corresponding activity is indeed pronounced and is important for the modification of glucuronoarabinoxylan, which plays a key role in the modification of the cell wall supramolecular organisation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00425-015-2244-1 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
January 2025
Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Genetics, Poznan, Poland.
The increasing cultivation of perennial C4 grass known as Miscanthus spp. for biomass production holds promise as a sustainable source of renewable energy. Unlike the sterile triploid hybrid of M.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Salinity stress disrupts water uptake and nutrient absorption, causing reduced photosynthesis, stunted growth, and decreased crop yields in plants. The use of indole acetic acid (IAA), arginine (AN), and mango fruit waste biochar (MFWB) can be effective methods to overcome this problem. Indole acetic acid (IAA) is a natural auxin hormone that aids cell elongation and division, thereby increasing plant height and branching.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Univ. Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France.
Pyruvate metabolism defects lead to severe neuropathies such as the Leigh syndrome (LS) but the molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal cell death remain poorly understood. Here, we unravel a connection between pyruvate metabolism and the regulation of the epitranscriptome that plays an essential role during brain development. Using genetically engineered mouse model and primary neuronal cells, we identify the transcription factor E4F1 as a key coordinator of AcetylCoenzyme A (AcCoA) production by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and its utilization as an essential co-factor by the Elongator complex to acetylate tRNAs at the wobble position uridine 34 (U).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMethods Mol Biol
January 2025
Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.
Hox genes specify identities mainly in the anteroposterior axis in various animal tissues, some of them forming part of the internal organs and systems. The expression and activity of these genes have been analyzed mainly in Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly, and in mouse; in the former, the functional study of Hox genes has been detailed predominantly in epidermal structures, but their role in internal organs poses some challenges, particularly in pupae. One of these genes, Abdominal-B, dictates the development of many internal organs in the posterior abdomen of the fly, yet techniques for its analysis, like in vivo time-lapse, have long been impractical.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsect Sci
January 2025
College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
As the catalytic subunit of the Elongator complex, Elongator protein 3 (Elp3) plays a crucial role in multiple physiological processes, including growth, development and immune responses. Previous studies on Elp3 have focused on Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Homo sapiens (human) or Mus musculus (mouse), whereas there are few reports on Elp3 in agricultural pests. Here, the role of TcElp3 in reproduction in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, was investigated, and the underlying mechanisms were explored.
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