Neck muscles constitute a transition zone between somite-derived skeletal muscles of the trunk and limbs, and muscles of the head, which derive from cranial mesoderm. The trapezius and sternocleidomastoid neck muscles are formed from progenitor cells that have expressed markers of cranial pharyngeal mesoderm, whereas other muscles in the neck arise from Pax3-expressing cells in the somites. Mef2c-AHF-Cre genetic tracing experiments and Tbx1 mutant analysis show that nonsomitic neck muscles share a gene regulatory network with cardiac progenitor cells in pharyngeal mesoderm of the second heart field (SHF) and branchial arch-derived head muscles. Retrospective clonal analysis shows that this group of neck muscles includes laryngeal muscles and a component of the splenius muscle, of mixed somitic and nonsomitic origin. We demonstrate that the trapezius muscle group is clonally related to myocardium at the venous pole of the heart, which derives from the posterior SHF. The left clonal sublineage includes myocardium of the pulmonary trunk at the arterial pole of the heart. Although muscles derived from the first and second branchial arches also share a clonal relationship with different SHF-derived parts of the heart, neck muscles are clonally distinct from these muscles and define a third clonal population of common skeletal and cardiac muscle progenitor cells within cardiopharyngeal mesoderm. By linking neck muscle and heart development, our findings highlight the importance of cardiopharyngeal mesoderm in the evolution of the vertebrate heart and neck and in the pathophysiology of human congenital disease.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1424538112 | DOI Listing |
J Neuroeng Rehabil
December 2024
Center for Healthcare Robotics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
Introduction: Neck pain affects 203 million people globally and is prevalent in various settings due to factors like poor posture, lack of exercise, and occupational hazards. Therefore, addressing ergonomic issues with solutions like a wearable robotic device is crucial. This research presents a novel assistive exosuit, characterized by its slim and lightweight structure and intuitive control without the use of hands, designed to mitigate muscle fatigue in the neck and shoulders during prolonged flexed neck posture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi
December 2024
Endoscopy Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing100044, China.
To establish a novel laryngopharyngeal reflux model in Bama minipigs excluding concurrent gastroesophageal reflux through endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy. Twelve 8-month-old male Bama minipigs were randomly assigned to three groups: Group 1 underwent cricopharyngeal myotomy alone, Group 2 underwent combined cricopharyngeal and lower esophageal sphincter myotomy, and Group 3 served as the control group. Following a one-week acclimatization period, the respective surgical procedures were performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Craniofac Surg
October 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital affiliated Yangzhou University.
Objective: To explore the anatomic characteristics of C7 nerve localization, course, and length during cross-transfer surgery of the C7 nerve through the anterior vertebral approach and investigate the feasibility, safety, and clinical efficacy of C7 nerve transfer surgery through the anterior vertebral approach for the treatment of central upper limb spastic paralysis.
Methods: Four fresh-frozen adult head and neck samples were selected. C7 nerve transfer surgery was simulated through the anterior vertebral approach.
Actas Dermosifiliogr
December 2024
Dermaniac, Clínica de Dermatología y Estética. C/ Andrés Mellado 23, 28015, Madrid, España.
Botulinum toxin infiltration is one of the most widely performed aesthetic procedures at the aesthetic dermatology office. Although infiltrative techniques have been known for quite a few years, several changes have been described so far, mainly based on anatomical knowledge.There are consensus guidelines available for injecting neuromodulators where one can see both the doses of toxin indicated for each muscle and the injection techniques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOphthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales.
Purpose: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a locally aggressive adnexal carcinoma of the head and neck, which has a high tendency for recurrence. MAC rarely has distant metastasis, with only one previously reported case originating from the periorbital region. We present a patient with periorbital MAC with distant metastasis and a review of all reported patients with metastatic disease.
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