Rapid diagnosis of cryptococcosis using an antigen detection immunochromatographic test.

Objectives: Current methods for cryptococcal antigen detection have some limitations. This study aimed at evaluating a lateral flow assay (LFA) for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis in a French University medical center.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on samples collected from patients with a definitive diagnosis of cryptococcosis (group I 66 samples; 28 patients) or with non-Cryptococcus invasive fungal infection (group II 18 samples; 17 patients). In addition, 274 samples from 205 consecutive patients, either suspected of cryptococcal infection or routinely screened during their follow-up, were prospectively tested (group III). Cryptococcal antigen was assayed using LFA and an EIA. A latex-based test was used for confirmation.

Results: Sensitivity calculated on group I and specificity on group II, were respectively at 100% and 90.0%. Two false positives were related to Trichosporon fungemia. Per-sample analysis on group III revealed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values all at 100% for CSF, and at 100%, 98.9%, 75% and 100%, respectively for serum samples. LFA enabled the diagnosis of two cases of asymptomatic cryptococcosis.

Conclusion: The excellent diagnostic value and practicality (visual reading results in 15 min) of LFA make it fully appropriate for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis in this particular setting.