Objectives: To determine the prevalence of impaired olfaction in individuals presenting for cardiac surgery and the independent association between impaired olfaction and postoperative delirium and cognitive decline.
Design: Nested prospective cohort study.
Setting: Academic hospital.
Participants: Individuals undergoing coronary artery bypass, valve surgery, or both (n = 165).
Measurements: Olfaction was measured using the Brief Smell Identification Test, with impaired olfaction defined as an olfactory score below the fifth percentile of normative data. Delirium was assessed using a validated chart review method. Cognitive performance was assessed using a neuropsychological testing battery at baseline and 4 to 6 weeks after surgery.
Results: Impaired olfaction was identified in 54 of 165 participants (33%) before surgery. Impaired olfaction was associated with greater adjusted risk of postoperative delirium (relative risk = 1.90, 95% confidence interval = 1.17-3.09, P = .009). There was no association between impaired olfaction and change in composite cognitive score in the overall study population.
Conclusion: Impaired olfaction is prevalent in individuals undergoing cardiac surgery and is associated with greater adjusted risk of postoperative delirium but not cognitive decline. Impaired olfaction may identify unrecognized vulnerability to postoperative delirium in individuals undergoing cardiac surgery.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4299936 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13198 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Parosmia: Pathophysiology and Management.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep
January 2025
Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Purpose Of Review: Parosmia is a qualitative olfactory disorder in which there is a mismatch between the memory of an odor and the actual experience triggered by an odor. There has been a surge in parosmia-related publications since the COVID-19 pandemic. This review summarizes the latest clinical findings, theories on pathophysiology and potential treatment options.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntranasal Calcitriol Accelerates Improvement of Sinonasal Inflammation and Olfactory Impairment in Mice After Cessation of Chronic Cigarette-Smoke Exposure.
Int Forum Allergy Rhinol
January 2025
Division of Division of Rhinology & Skull Base Surgery Department of Otolaryngology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Rationale: Smoking has been shown to be associated with circulating deficiencies in 25(OH)D3 and reduced sinonasal tissue levels of the active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3. Given vitamin D's ability to reduce inflammation, we sought to examine if intranasal (IN) delivery of calcitriol [clinical analog of 1,25(OH)2D3] could reduce inflammation and improve disease severity in a murine model of chronic cigarette smoke-induced sinonasal inflammation (CS-SI).
Methods: Mice were exposed to CS 5 h/day, 5 days/week for 9 months, and then began IN calcitriol three times per week for 4 weeks.
Detection of odorants in odour mixtures among healthy people and patients with olfactory dysfunction.
Eur J Neurosci
January 2025
Smell and Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Target odorant detection in mixtures has been shown to become more difficult as the number of background odorants increases and falls below chance level in mixtures with 16 components. Our aim was to investigate target odorant detection in mixtures among healthy people and compare it between dysosmic patients and age- and gender-matched controls. Participants underwent extensive olfactory testing and performed two target odorant detection tasks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOlfactory Network Disruptions as Mediators of Cognitive Impairment in De Novo Parkinson's Disease.
CNS Neurosci Ther
January 2025
Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by olfactory dysfunction (OD) and cognitive deficits at its early stages, yet the link between OD and cognitive deficits is also not well-understood. This study aims to examine the changes in the olfactory network associated with OD and their relationship with cognitive function in de novo PD patients.
Methods: A total of 116 drug-naïve PD patients and 51 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited for this study.
Perception of Sour Taste in Subjects with Olfactory Deficits: Role of Myrtle Aromatization.
Nutrients
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SP 8 Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy.
Background: Sour taste is associated with acid-base homeostasis, which is critical to cell metabolism and health conditions. Vinegar, which contains acetic acid as the main component, is a sour food considered the second most common condiment in Italy.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess differences in sourness perception in subjects with olfactory deficits compared to controls and evaluate myrtle aromatization's potential effect in modulating sourness perception in subjects with hyposmia.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!